Jellyfish Blooms: New Problems and Solutions: (212 Developments in Hydrobiology)

unaware of any study that has examined the in?uence of thin layers on the behavior of individual gelatinous Spatial and temporal heterogeneity affect movement zooplankton. and resource use by animals (Levin et al. , 2000). In Gelatinous zooplankton, including ctenophores, particular, behaviors that allow organisms to locate medusae, and siphonophores, tend to aggregate at and exploit patches of food represent key in?uences density, salinity, and temperature discontinuities that on trophodynamics. For plankton, external forcing develop in coastal transition zones, estuaries, and (e. g. , currents, shear, and turbulence) combines with fjords (Owen, 1989; Graham et al. , 2001). Aggre- behavioral responses to determine the structure and tions of gelatinous species can arise if discontinuities function of assemblages, access to food, and the ?ow act as a physical or physiological barrier or if of carbon across a range of spatial and temporal detectable boundary conditions stimulate appropriate scales (e. g. , Bochdansky & Bollens, 2004). behavioral responses. For example, ?eld surveys At a micro-scale, thin layers represent persistent, showed that Sarsia tubulosa (M. Sars, 1835) agg- spatially coherent patches of plankton (Donaghay gated at a discontinuity (Hansen, 1951), and in the et al. , 1992; Cowles et al. , 1998).

Table of Contents:
Preface.- Identification key for young ephyrae: a first step for early detection of jellyfish blooms.- Blooms of the invasive ctenophore, Mnemiopsis leidyi, span the Mediterranean Sea in 2009.- Effects of pH on asexual reproduction and statolith formation of the scyphozoan, Aurelia labiata.- Effects of low salinity on settlement and strobilation of scyphozoa (Cnidaria): Is the lion’s mane Cyanea capillata (L.) able to reproduce in the brackish Baltic Sea?.- Effects of El Niño-driven environmental variability on black turtle migration to Peruvian foraging grounds.- Recurrence of bloom-forming scyphomedusae: wavelet analysis of a 200-year time series.- Behavior of Nemopsis bachei L. Agassiz, 1849 medusae in the presence of physical gradients and biological thin layers.- Avoidance of hydrodynamically mixed environments by Mnemiopsis leidyi (Ctenophora: Lobata) in open-sea populations from Patagonia, Argentina.- Response of Chrysaora quinquecirrha medusae to low temperature.- Use of respiration rates of scyphozoan jellyfish to estimate their effects on the food web.- Planktonic cnidarian distribution and feeding of Pelagia noctiluca in the NW Mediterranean Sea.- Bioenergetics and growth in the ctenophore Pleurobrachia pileus.- Degradation of the Adriatic medusa Aurelia sp. by ambient bacteria.- Identification of jellyfish from Continuous Plankton Recorder samples.- Separation and analysis of different types of nematocysts from Cyanea capillata (L.) medusae.- Characterisation of neurotoxic polypeptides from Cyanea capillata medusae (Scyphozoa).- Gill cell toxicity of northern boreal scyphomedusae Cyanea capillata and Aurelia aurita measured by an in vitro cell assay.