Second Generation Biometrics: The Ethical, Legal and Social Context: (11 The International Library of Ethics, Law and Technology)

While a sharp debate is emerging about whether conventional biometric technology offers society any significant advantages over other forms of identification, and whether it constitutes a threat to privacy, technology is rapidly progressing. Politicians and the public are still discussing fingerprinting and iris scan, while scientists and engineers are already testing futuristic solutions. Second generation biometrics - which include multimodal biometrics, behavioural biometrics, dynamic face recognition, EEG and ECG biometrics, remote iris recognition, and other, still more astonishing, applications – is a reality which promises to overturn any current ethical standard about human identification. Robots which recognise their masters, CCTV which detects intentions, voice responders which analyse emotions: these are only a few applications in progress to be developed. This book is the first ever published on ethical, social and privacy implications of second generation biometrics. Authors include both distinguished scientists in the biometric field and prominent ethical, privacy and social scholars. This makes this book an invaluable tool for policy makers, technologists, social scientists, privacy authorities involved in biometric policy setting. Moreover it is a precious instrument to update scholars from different disciplines who are interested in biometrics and its wider social, ethical and political implications.

Table of Contents:
Foreword Viviane Reding - Vice-President of the European Commission, EU Commissioner for Justice, Fundamental Rights and Citizenship General Introduction Emilio Mordini, Dimitrios Tzovaras and Holly Ashton SECTION ONE: “Foundations and Issues” Epistemological Foundation of Biometrics Giampaolo Ghilardi - Università di Milano Flavio Keller - Professor of Human Physiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico Biometric Recognition: an Overview Anil K. Jain – Professor at Departments of Computer Science & Engineering, Electrical & Computer Engineering and Statistics & Probability at Michigan State University Ajay Kumar - The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong Biometrics, Privacy and Agency Annemarie Sprokkereef - Researcher at Tilburg Institute for Law, Technology, and Society Paul de Hert - Professor of Law Faculty of Law and Criminology of Vrije Universiteit Brussel SECTION TWO: “Emerging Biometrics and Technology Trends” Gait and Anthropometric Profile Biometrics: A Step Forward Dimosthenis Ioannidis & Dimitrios Tzovaras - Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas Gabriele Dalle Mura, Gaetano Valenza & Alessandro Tognetti – Interdepartmental Research Centre "E. Piaggio", Faculty of Engineering, University of Pisa Marcello Ferro - Institute of Computational Linguistics “A. Zampolli” (ILC) National Research Council (CNR) of of Pisa Giovanni Pioggia - Institute of Clinical Physiology of CNR Activity and Event Related Biometrics Anastasios Drosou & Dimitrios Tzovaras – Informatics and Telematics Institute, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas ElectrophysiologicalBiometrics: Opportunities and Risks Alejandro Riera, Stephen Dunne, Iván Cester & Giulio Ruffini - Starlab Barcelona SL Intelligent Biometrics Farzin Deravi - Reader in Information Engineering Department of Electronics at the University of Kent SECTION THREE: “Identity, Intentions and Emotions” Behavioural Biometrics and Human Identity Ben Schouten & Rob van Kranenburg - Fontys University of Applied Science Albert Ali Salah - University of Amsterdam Behavioural Biometrics and Risk Identification Guenter Schumacher - European Commission – Joint Research Centre. Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen Facial Recognition, Facial Expression and Intention Detection Massimo Tistarelli - Computer Vision Laboratory, University of Sassari Susan E. Barrett - Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, U.S.A. Alice O’Toole - University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, U.S. A. The Transparent Body - Medical Information, Physical Privacy and Respect for Body Integrity Emilio Mordini & Holly Ashton – Centre for Science, Society, and Citizenship, Rome SECTION FOUR: “New Biometrics in Context” Security in the Danger Zone: Normative Issues of Next Generation Biometrics Irma Van der Ploeg – Professor Infonomics & New Media Research Center, Zuyd University The Dark side of the Moon : Accountability, Ethics and New Biometrics Juliet Lodge - Director of the Jean Monnet European Centre of Excellence, Institute for Communication Studies, University of Leeds Conclusions Emilio Mordini Greek DPA Decision for ACTIBIO pilots in Greece