Multifunctional Mesoporous Inorganic Solids: (400 Nato Science Series C:)

There is a great deal of interest in the general subject of porous inorganic materials in regard to their use as sorbents or catalysts. The solids may be microporous, mesoporous, or macroporous. Often there is a range of pore sizes within any given solid, and so there is special interest in the synthesis, characterisation and application of solids having well-defined pores. The first part of the book deals with the theory and practice of the measurement of pore-size distributions. Part II goes into porous crystalline materials. The zeolites are, by definition, microporous, but it is important to understand the mechanisms whereby such crystalline porous materials are formed, so as to suggest methods for the synthesis of mesoporous materials. Pillared layered solids are investigated in Part III. There are clear indications that the current generation of microporous materials may be developed to give PLS which combine micro and mesoporosity, while a totally mesoporous solid may not be far off. part IV covers sol-gel methods, where important new developments mean that oxides can be produced with high purity and with well-defined pore sizes. Methods of characterising the materials are also studied, with solid state NMR (including 27Al-NMR), X-ray and neutron scattering, pulsed ESR, and electrokinetic potential measurements being discussed in Part V. Finally, applications are discussed in Part VI.

Table of Contents:
I. The Measurement Of Porosities.- The measurement of mesoporosity.- About surface area and porosity measurements in pillared clays.- New theoretical approaches to characterization of mesoporous solids.- Nitrogen adsorption on zirconium bis monohydro genphosphate with ?-type structure.- Study of the accessible micropore volume in pillared montmorillonites.- II. Porous Crystalline Materials.- Hydrothermal synthesis and porous crystals.- Pores in tetrahedral frameworks.- Realistic simulation of mesoporous materials by random packing arrays of hard spheres.- Synthesis and characterization of vanadium oxide layered compound.- SHS — The new method of different inorganic materials production.- Treatment of dehydrated Na-Y zeolite with the heteropolymetallic products of transmetation reactions.- Textural characterization of PILC montmorillonite pillared with binary oxides LaNiOx.- Structure direction in zeolite synthesis.- III. Pillared Layered Solids.- Mesoporous pillared layered materials.- Problems related to the pillaring of ?- and ?-layered M(IV) phosphates with large cations or with covalently bonded diphosphonates groups.- The synthesis, characteristics and applications of layered double hydroxides.- Structure and texture properties of calcined layered Mg, Al double hydroxides.- The microstructure of layered double hydroxides modified by controlled anion intercalation.- Shape-selective intercalation reactions and chemical sensing in layered metal phosphates and phosphonates.- Micro- and mesoporous clays pillared with SiO2-TiO2 mixed oxide sols.- Mesoporous clays and pillared clays as liquid phase alkylation catalysts.- Oxide-pillared layered ?-metal(IV) hydrogen phosphates.- Synthesis of porous and crosslinked layered phosphates by the intercalation oforganometallic precursors.- IV. Sol-Gel Methods.- Sol-gel synthesis of multifunctional mesoporous materials — I. Metal-organic precursors.- Sol-gel synthesis of multifunctional mesoporous materials — II. Inorganic precursors.- Porous structures of sol-gel Al2O3(-3SiO2) gels and “glasses” infiltrated by aqueous solutions.- V. Other Methods of Characterising Inorganic Materials.- Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.- Solid state 27Al NMR studies of LDH-intercalates.- Characterisation of porous solids using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering.- Pulsed ESR applied to microporous and mesoporous inorganic solids.- Electrochemical characterisation of porous materials: Electrokinetic potential measurements.- VI. Some Applications of Multifunctional Mesoporous Inorganic Materials.- Pillared acid-activated clays: Synthesis, characterisation and application to chlorophyll adsorption.- Studies of clay modified electrodes.- Microporous-mesoporous metal-oxygen cluster compounds: Ion exchange, structure retention and the oxidative dehydrogenation of isobutyric acid.- Chemically modified electrodes and mesoporous inorganic materials.- Sol-gel processed coatings.