Categorical versus Dimensional Models of Affect: A seminar on the theories of Panksepp and Russell(7 Consciousness & Emotion Book Series)

One of the most important theoretical and empirical issues in the scholarly study of emotion is whether there is a correct list of “basic” types of affect or whether all affective states are better modeled as a combination of locations on shared underlying dimensions. Many thinkers have written on this topic, yet the views of two scientists in particular are dominant. The first is Jaak Panksepp, the father of Affective Neuroscience. Panksepp conceptualizes affect as a set of distinct categories. The leading proponent of the dimensional approach in scientific psychology is James Russell. According to Russell all affect can be decomposed into two underlying dimensions, pleasure versus displeasure and low arousal versus high arousal. In this volume Panksepp and Russell each articulate their positions on eleven fundamental questions about the nature of affect followed by a discussion of these target papers by noted emotion theorists and researchers. Russell and Panksepp respond both to each other and to the commentators. The discussion leads to some stark contrasts, with formidable arguments on both sides, and some interesting convergences between the two streams of work.

Table of Contents:
1. 1. Introduction: Categories, dimensions, and the problem of progress in affective science (by Zachar, Peter); 2. 2. In defense of multiple Core Affects (by Panksepp, Jaak); 3. 3. From a psychological constructionist perspective (by Russell, James A.); 4. 4. "Nature proposes...and science disposes" tertiary vs primary process approaches to emotions and affects: Commentary on Jim Russell's position (by Panksepp, Jaak); 5. 5. Preliminary comments on Panksepp (by Russell, James A.); 6. 6. Discrete emotions: From folk psychology to causal mechanisms (by Scarantino, Andrea); 7. 7. Nothing in mammalian psychology makes sense except in light of primary-process affective capacities (by Davies, Paul Sheldon); 8. 8. Lessons for affective science from a metascience of 'molecular and cellular cognition' (by Bickle, John); 9. 9. Affect as appraisal (by Leddy, Meaghan A.); 10. 10. What should theories of emotion be about? (by Averill, James R.); 11. 11. Valence, reductionism, and the ineffable: Philosophical reflections on the Panksepp-Russell debate (by Sousa, Ronald de); 12. 12. Functional and empirical presuppositions in Russell and Panksepp: Neural predispositions of affect (by Northoff, Georg); 13. 13. Comparison of affect program theories, appraisal theories, and psychological construction theories (by Moors, Agnes); 14. 14. Final remarks (by Russell, James A.); 15. 15. My reflections on commentaries and concluding perspectives (by Panksepp, Jaak); 16. 16. Concluding observations: Comparisons, contrasts, and some important convergences (by Ellis, Ralph D.); 17. Index

Review :
Zachar and Ellis have produced a valuable tome aimed at dissecting and contrasting the positions of Jaak Panksepp and James Russell on the matter of affect. Several differences are identified, mostly having to do with the different perspectives of the two target thinkers, but several areas of agreement emerge as well. The differences are illuminating and so the journey turns out to be rewarding for anyone interested in the nature and organization of affective processes. Categorical versus Dimensional Models of Affect makes important contributions to the thorny question “What are emotions?” By exploring two extremes in the debate, it helps illuminate the essence of emotion in the broader sense.”