Towards the Romantic Age: Essays on Sentimental and Preromantic Literature in Russia

Russian literature between 1750 and the romantic age presents a confus­ ing picture. Various literary movements arose and existed side by side, while new trends made themselves felt. At no other time in the history of Russian literature was there a similar influx of widely disparate literary and intellectual influences from the West. The complex evolution of literature is reflected in the area of literary classification. Period terms have been used in great variety, yet without general agreement as to the extent, or even the nature of the trends described. The essays of this study are devoted to two major literary trends of the 18th and early 19th century, -sentimentalism and preromanticism. They aim to elucidate their evolu­ tion as well as at defining and describing the conceptual framework on which they rest. Since the 18th century did not draw a sharp line between translated and original literature, both have been included here. Literary, philosophical, and general cultural influences from the West were of consi­ derable importance for Russian literature. The concepts, motifs and themes which reached Russian writers in translations moulded their own original works. The 18th century witnessed the formation of an adequate literary language which culminated in Kararnzin's style. The distinction of two stages in the development of sentimentalism as suggested here and the differentiation between both of them and a third literary trend, preroman­ ticism, is an attempt to reflect adequately the rapid change in stylistic and poetic norms.

Table of Contents:
I Sentimentalism: The Conceptual Background.- 1. A Russian Sentimentalist: I.I. Dmitriev.- 2. The Philosophical Background.- 3. The Sensualist Approach in Russian Aesthetics.- 4. Freemasonic Concepts.- II Sentimentalism: Literary Influences from the West and the Russian Response.- 1. Three Trends.- 2. Translated Literature between 1750 and 1780.- 3. Changing Genre Concepts.- 4. Sentimental Aestheticism: Patterns and Motifs.- III The Transition to Preromantic Writing.- 1. From Sentimental Clichés to Preromantic Concepts.- 2. Major Influences on Preromantic Writing in Russia Jean Jacques Rousseau, William Shakespeare, Johann Gottfried Herder, Friedrich Schiller, Johann Wolfgang Goethe.- 3. German Aesthetic Theories in Russia.- 4. Folklore and Mythology.- IV Preromantic Themes and Motifs.- 1. Basic Concepts of Preromantic Literature: Nature, Poetry, and the Genius.- 2. Major Genres of Preromantic Literature The Novel and Drama.- 3. Early Russian Interpretations of the Romantic: The Term “romanicheskii”.- V Russian Preromantic Writing.- 1. N. M. Karamzin’s Preromantic Period.- 2. The Friendly Literary Society.- 3. The Free Society of Lovers of Literature, Science and the Arts.- 4. Three Preromantic Authors V. T. Narezhnyi, N. I. Gnedich, D. V. Davydov.- Conclusion.- Index of Names.- Index of Terms.- Index of Russian Periodicals.