The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development: Essays in Honor of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002)

The International Ocean Institute-Canada has produced this collection of over 80 insightful essays on the future of ocean governance and capacity development. The book honors the work of Elisabeth Mann Borgese (1918-2002), preeminent ocean advocate and founder of the IOI. More than 90 leading experts explore future challenges and opportunities for ocean governance and capacity development. Major themes include the law of the sea, ocean sciences, integrated coastal and ocean management, fisheries and aquaculture, communication and negotiations, maritime safety and security, ocean energy, and maritime transportation. The essay collection is aimed at professionals, students and citizens alike – covering themes that parallel those in the annual Training Program of IOI-Canada. A leading member of the International Ocean Institute's network of centers and focal points worldwide, IOI-Canada was founded by Elisabeth Mann Borgese in 1979.

Table of Contents:
Foreword  Betsy Baker Foreword  Brian Flemming Editors’ Preface and Acknowledgments About the International Ocean Institute Editors’ Biographical Notes Introduction: The Future of Ocean Governance and Capacity Development  The Editors Part 1: Perspectives on Ocean Governance Introduction  Editor: Michael J.A. Butler Elisabeth Mann Borgese’s Invisible Hand in Ocean Governance: Past, Present, and Future  Awni Behnam Fragmented Governance of Our One Global Ocean  Wendy Watson-Wright and J. Luis Valdés Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Ocean Governance  Ratana Chuenpagdee Meaningful Partnerships in Meaningful Ocean Governance  Anthony Charles Ethical Dimensions of Ocean Governance  Eduardo Marone and Luis Marone Participatory Ocean Governance in Practice  Daniel E. Lane First Nations, Ocean Governance and Indigenous Knowledge Systems  Ken Paul Non-Governmental Organization Roles in Shaping Future Ocean Governance and Management  Alexandra Vance and Robert Rangeley The Ocean and China’s Drive for an Ecological Civilization  Arthur J. Hanson Part 2: Capacity Development for Responsible Ocean Governance Introduction  Editors: Dirk Werle, Scott Coffen-Smout and Michael J.A. Butler The Capacity Development Imperative: Elisabeth Mann Borgese’s Legacy  François Bailet IOI-Canada’s Ocean Governance Training Program  Michael J.A. Butler Alumni Reflections on the ioi Training Program  Igor Vio Educating the Ocean Leaders of Today for the Ocean of Tomorrow  Lawrence P. Hildebrand Alumni Reflections on the ioi Training Program  Amy Aai Sheau Ye Simulation and Scenario-based Learning  Mélanie Fournier and David Griffiths Strategic ioi Initiatives for Developing Capacity in Ocean Governance  Peter W. Leder and Daniel E. Lane Part 3: Law of the Sea and Principled Ocean Governance Introduction  Editor: Moira L. McConnell Edging Towards Principled Ocean Governance: Law of the Sea and Beyond  David L. VanderZwaag The Deep Seafloor as a Battleground for Justice?  Tirza Meyer Article 82 of unclos: A Clear Outcome of the ‘Package Deal’ Approach of the Convention Negotiation  Frida M. Armas-Pfirter The Common Heritage of Mankind: Expanding the Oceanic Circle  Prue Taylor Marine Biodiversity in Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction  David Freestone The Evolution of Scientific and Technical Methodologies in the Delimitation of Maritime Spaces  Galo Carrera Settling Maritime Boundaries: Why Some Countries Find it Easy, and Others Do Not  Michael Byers and Andreas Østhagen Legal Aspects of Climate Change  Karen N. Scott Elisabeth Mann Borgese, unclos, and the Arctic: The Power of Normative Thinking and Her Legacy  Rob Huebert The itlos Experience in Dispute Resolution  Philippe Gautier Part 4: Ocean Sciences Introduction  Editor: Peter G. Wells Health of the Ocean  Peter G. Wells Oceans, Health, and Well-being  Michael H. Depledge The Changing Ocean and the Impact of Technology: The Role of the Ocean Tracking Network, It’s Personal  Frederick Whoriskey Ocean Remote Sensing from Space: A Tale of Three Commons  Dirk Werle Large Marine Ecosystems: Their Status and Role in Ocean Governance  Kenneth Sherman Ocean Acidification in Canadian Waters  Kumiko Azetsu-Scott Ecological Change in the Oceans and the Role of Fisheries  Boris Worm Caring for the Coasts  Paul Snelgrove and Anna Metaxas Caring for the Deep Sea  Anna Metaxas and Paul V.R. Snelgrove The Role of Citizen Science in Ocean Governance  John A. Cigliano Part 5: Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management Introduction  Editor: Scott Coffen-Smout The Promise of Integrated Coastal and Ocean Management: Questioning the Past, Rethinking the Future  Lucia M. Fanning Coastal and Marine Spatial Planning: Balancing the Ecosystem Approach and the Sustainable Blue Economy  Scott Coffen-Smout Information Matters: Global Perspectives about Communication at the Science-Policy Interface  Suzuette S. Soomai and Bertrum H. MacDonald Geospatial Data Infrastructures and Ocean Governance  James Boxall Marine Protected Areas: Ensuring Effective Conservation while Pursuing Global Targets  Maxine C. Westhead Is Canada Protecting Its Marine Species at Risk?  Sean Brillant Keeping the Noise Down: Approaches to the Mitigation and Regulation of Human-Caused Ocean Noise  Lindy Weilgart Ecological Economics and the Ocean  Gabriela Sabau Sustainable Tourism and the Ocean: The Long View  Deirdre P. Shurland Ocean and Climate Change Action: Opportunities for Economic and Environmental Sustainability  Peter J. Ricketts Part 6: Fisheries and Aquaculture Introduction  Editor: Anthony Charles Scientific Basis for Fishery Policy and Management  Jake Rice Legitimacy and Effectiveness through Fisheries Co-Management  Evelyn Pinkerton Turning Aspiration to Action: Challenges of Making the Ecosystem Approach Operational in Fisheries  Mark Dickey-Collas What is the Role of the Market in Contemporary Fisheries Governance?  Megan Bailey Small-Scale Fisheries: Too Important to Fail  Ratana Chuenpagdee and Svein Jentoft iuu Fishing and Measures to Improve Enforcement and Compliance  Judith Swan The Future of Managing Fisheries and the Global Commons through Regional Fisheries Management Organizations: Steps toward Global Stewardship  Susanna D. Fuller and Kathryn E. Schleit Balancing Sustainable Tuna Resource Management and Economic Development: Small Island Developing States Perspectives  Esaroma Ledua and Joeli Veitayaki Sustainable Aquaculture: Protecting Our Oceans and Feeding the World  David Roberts Offshore Aquaculture: A Needed New Frontier for Farmed Fish at Sea  Doris Soto and Carlos Wurman Part 7: Ocean Energy Introduction  Editor: Scott Coffen-Smout Marine Renewable Energy in Canada: A Century of Consideration and Challenges  Graham R. Daborn, Haley Viehman and Anna M. Redden Environmental Culture and Mitigation Criteria for Offshore Oil and Gas Activities  Elizabeth A. MacDonald Oil and Gas: Exploration and Risk  Bruce Batstone and Susan Belford Part 8: Maritime Safety and Security Introduction  Editor: David Griffiths Security Dimensions of Ocean Governance  David Griffiths Intelligence Gathering and Espionage in the Exclusive Economic Zone: Peaceful or Not?  Hugh Williamson Marine Piracy: A Continuing Challenge  Mark Sloan Refugees at Sea  Constance MacIntosh One Hundred Years of Certitude? Disaster Response and Recovery since the Halifax Explosion  Adam Rostis Women, Communities, Resilience: What’s Not to Understand?  Murielle Provost In Search of Relief with Development  Ian McAllister Part 9: Maritime Transportation Introduction  Editor: Mary R. Brooks National Shipping Policies and International Ocean Governance  Mary R. Brooks Growth in the Shipping Industry: Future Projections and Impacts  Peter Noble Port State Control: An Important Concept in the Safety of Life at Sea, the Protection of the Marine Environment, and of Goods in Transit  Alan Knight Seafarers’ Human Rights: Compliance and Enforcement  Peter B. Payoyo Maritime Emergency Preparedness and Management  John Dalziel and Ronald Pelot The Pacing of Progress as the Secret to Success for the International Ballast Water Management Regime  Adnan Awad Arctic Shipping: Future Prospects and Ocean Governance  Jackie Dawson Autonomous Vessel Technology, Safety, and Ocean Impacts  Donald Liu Part 10: Communication and Negotiation Introduction  Editors: Paul R. Boudreau and Ian Porter Sing to Me of the Oceans, Muse: The Poetry of the Sea  Harry Thurston Journalistic Challenges in Speaking for the Ocean: A Personal Acquaintance with Elisabeth Mann Borgese  Paul Kennedy Oceans Day: A Personal Reminiscence of Its Initiation  Peter MacLellan Cetaceans in the Media: A Right Whale of a Story  Ian Porter Social Media and Twenty-First Century Public Engagement  Paul R. Boudreau The Marine People Partnership: Building a Workforce for Our Ocean Industries through Ocean Literacy  Sherry Scully Towards Ocean Peace: Resolving Disputes Cooperatively and Empathetically through Negotiations  Nayha Acharya Synthesis: Looking Ahead: Ocean Governance Challenges in the Twenty-First Century  The Editors Index

About the Author :
IOI–Canada is a leading member of the International Ocean Institute’s network of centers and focal points operating worldwide. It has been based at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia since being founded by Elisabeth Mann Borgese in 1979. Editors: Paul R. Boudreau, B.Sc (1977), M.Sc. (1989), is an ecologist and environmental manager (retired) who worked for 32 years with the Canadian federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans. A three-year posting to the Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal Zone (LOICZ) was significant in his perception of the variety of human reliance on the world coasts. Ongoing interests include the adequate representation of public views in the often very technical processes of responsible coastal and ocean management. In 2012, he became a Senior Research Fellow with the International Ocean Institute-Canada. Mary R. Brooks is Professor Emerita at Dalhousie University’s Rowe School of Business, Halifax, Canada. In 2016, she was appointed Chair of the Marine Board of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Her research focuses on competition policy in liner shipping, port strategic management and short sea shipping. In addition to providing advice to governments and industry, Dr. Brooks has published more than 25 books and technical reports, more than 25 book chapters, and more than 75 articles in peer-reviewed scholarly journals since joining Dalhousie University in 1979. Michael J. A. Butler was educated at London University (UK), Memorial University and McGill University (Canada) with a focus on the marine sciences. His career in Atlantic Canada has included the roles of Fishery Oceanographer at the then Marine and Fishery Training Centre in Summerside; Coordinator of Training at the former Huntsman Marine Laboratory in St Andrews; Director of Research at the Council of Maritime Premiers' Maritime Resource Management Service in Amherst; and, in Halifax, Director of the Secretariat for the Atlantic Coastal Zone Information Steering Committee; President of the Oceans Institute of Canada; and, since 2005, Director of IOI-Canada. Anthony Charles is a professor at Saint Mary’s University in Halifax, Canada. His research on fisheries, oceans and coasts focuses on integrated management, ecosystem-based management, community-based management, climate change, sustainability and resilience, and marine protected areas. He has authored and edited several major books, including Sustainable Fishery Systems, Governance of Marine Fisheries and Biodiversity Conservation, and Governing the Coastal Commons. He leads the Community Conservation Research Network, exploring linkages of environmental conservation and local economies. Dr. Charles is a Pew Fellow in Marine Conservation, a member of IUCN’s Fisheries Expert Group, and a longtime contributor to the International Ocean Institute. Scott Coffen-Smout, B.Sc., DMA, M.Sc., is an oceans management biologist with Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Halifax, Canada. He studied biology and marine affairs at Dalhousie University and marine environmental science at Bangor University, Wales. He previously consulted in Somalia and Niue, South Pacific. Affiliations include: research associate at the Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Dalhousie University, co-editor of the Ocean Yearbook (Brill Nijhoff), alumnus of IOI-Canada’s training program, and senior research fellow at IOI-Canada. Areas of practice at DFO include marine spatial planning, spatial data and information management, sustainable fisheries certifications, oceans management, and area response planning. David Griffiths is an independent researcher and former Canadian naval officer holding research fellowships with the International Ocean Institute–Canada, the Centre for the Study of Security and Development at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada, and Pakistan’s National Centre for Maritime Policy Research at Bahria University in Karachi. He also serves as Chair of the Board of Governors of the Atlantic School of Theology, Nova Scotia’s smallest university. He is a graduate of the Canadian Forces Command and Staff College and holds a Master’s degree in Marine Management. Ian McAllister, long time economics professor at Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada, has served on two Royal Commissions and advised Canadian and overseas governments. He headed the Development Department of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies in Geneva. Among books he has authored are: Projects for Relief and Development (1991), Sustaining Relief with Development: Strategic Issues for the Red Cross and Red Crescent (1993), Working with Neighbours: University Partnerships for International Development (1996), Through a Glass Darkly: From Disaster Relief to Modern Peacebuilding (2004). He is a member of the Board of Directors of the International Ocean Institute-Canada. Moira L. McConnell is a Professor of Law Emerita and Honorary Fellow of the Marine & Environmental Law Institute at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Canada. Dr. McConnell's research interests are in the fields of public and private international law and domestic law. She has over 100 publications in a wide range of topics in these fields, including law of the sea, maritime law and policy, environmental law and governance systems. She is co-editor of the Ocean Yearbook, associate editor of the Yearbook of International Environmental Law, and member of the editorial board of the WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs. Ian Porter. Stories about events and life in coastal communities in Atlantic Canada were a leading priority for Ian Porter as a radio and television reporter and producer with the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Going to sea for a story had an enduring appeal. While at CBC in Halifax, Ian took part in the IOI interdisciplinary training programme. Later, as a lecturer with the School of Journalism at University of King’s College, Halifax, he returned to IOI as a presenter of the programme’s Media and Marine Management module. Ian also has worked as a volunteer journalism instructor for independent news media in southeast Asia. Susan J. Rolston is sole proprietor of Seawinds Consulting Services, Hackett’s Cove, Nova Scotia, Canada. She is a Research Associate of the Marine & Environmental Law Institute, Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada. She holds a Master’s degree in Political Science (Dalhousie). Ms. Rolston’s areas of special expertise include marine policy and management, maritime security, the environment, and international affairs and development. She has held research and management positions with marine-related institutes and programs at Dalhousie University. Ms. Rolston has contributed to numerous marine publications as an author and in an editorial capacity. Peter G. Wells is a marine environmental scientist (retired) and Adjunct Professor and Senior Research Fellow at Dalhousie University and the International Ocean Institute-Canada, Halifax, Canada. He has a B.Sc. (Biology, McGill, 1967), MSc (Zoology, Toronto, 1969) and Ph.D. (Zoology/Aquatic Toxicology, Guelph, 1976). He worked 34 years for Environment Canada, primarily in Halifax. He taught environmental toxicology at Dalhousie and served the UN as a marine pollution science advisor. Current interests are ecotoxicology, use and influence of marine environmental information, community action on coastal environmental issues, and mountain recreation. He is an AAAS Fellow amongst other honors and has authored/co-authored many publications, including editor of five books. Dirk Werle, MSc. (McGill, 1984), is a managing partner with Ærde Environmental Research in Halifax, Canada since 1987. His professional career as a geographer focused on innovative applications of Earth observation satellites for mapping and managing natural resources and for monitoring marine and terrestrial environments. He has worked as an advisor for government and non-governmental organizations and chaired Canada’s National Remote Sensing Working Group for the Environment. He served as Officer and President of the Canadian Remote Sensing Society from 1999 to 2007. In 2010, he joined the Board of Directors of the International Ocean Institute-Canada. Contributors (98) are: Sheau Ye Aai, Nayha Acharya, Frida M. Armas-Pfirter, Adnan Awad, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, François Bailet, Megan Bailey, Betsy Baker, Bruce Batstone, Awni Behnam, Susan Belford, James Boxall, Paul R. Boudreau, Sean Brillant, Mary R. Brooks, Michael J. A. Butler, Michael Byers, Galo Carrera, Anthony Charles, Ratana Chuenpagdee, John A. Cigliano, Scott Coffen-Smout, Graham A. Daborn, John Dalziel, Jackie Dawson, Michael Depledge, Mark Dickey-Collas, Lucia Fanning, Brian Flemming, Mélanie Fournier, David Freestone, Susanna Fuller, David Griffiths, Philippe Gautier, Arthur J. Hanson, Lawrence P. Hildebrand, Rob Huebert, Svein Jentoft, Paul Kennedy, Alan Knight, David Krieger, Daniel E. Lane, Peter W. Leder, Esaroma Ledua, Don Liu, Bertrum A. MacDonald, Elizabeth A. MacDonald, Constance MacIntosh, Peter MacLellan, Eduardo Marone, Luis Marone, Ian McAllister, Moira L. McConnell, Anna Metaxas, Tirza Meyer, Peter Noble, Andreas Østhagen, Ken Paul, Peter Payoyo, Ron Pelot, Evelyn Pinkerton, Ian Porter, Murielle Provost, Robert Rangeley, Anna M. Redden, Jake Rice, Peter J. Ricketts, David Roberts, Susan J. Rolston, Adam Rostis, Gabriela Sabau, Karen N. Scott, Sherry Scully, Kathryn Schleit, Kenneth Sherman, Deirdre Shurland, Mark Sloan, Paul Snelgrove, Suzuette S. Soomai, Doris Soto, Judith Swan, Prue Taylor, Harry Thurston, J. Luis Valdés, Alexandra Vance, David L. VanderZwaag, Joeli Veitayaki, Haley Viehman, Igor Vio, Wendy Watson-Wright, Lindy Weilgart, Peter G. Wells, Dirk Werle, Maxine C. Westhead, Fred Whoriskey, Hugh Williamson, Boris Worm, and Carlos Wurman.