Textbook of Immunology

This book provides in-depth but concise coverage of all the major topics of immunology in simple and lucid manner. The text of the book is illustrated with simplified well-labelled diagrams and pictures to make the subject easily understandable and interesting to read for students. Extensive cross-referencing between chapters is used to reinforce and broaden the understanding of the core concepts of immunology. This book might be an ideal source of comprehensive, authoritative, and up-to-date information for those who work in the field of immunology. It features: comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of key concepts in immunology; extensive coverage of the composition of the immune system, antigens and immunogens; detailed explanation of antigen and antibody interaction and major histocompatibility complex; description of cell mediated immunity and cytotoxicity; and clear and logical format with easy and accessible information.

Table of Contents:
Basics of Immunity; Composition of Immune System; Antigens and Immunogens; Antigen Determinants; Antigen and Antibody Interaction; Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC); Complement System; Regulation of Adaptive Immune Responses; Cell-Mediated Immunity and Cytotoxicity; Allergic Reactions or Hypersensitivity; Autoimmunity; Immunity to Infections and Tumours; Immunology of Graft Rejection or Transplant Rejections; Cytokines; Audience: Undergraduate and Post-graduate students of Immunology, Researchers and teachers of Immunobiology; Shelving: Immunology, Immunobiology. 1. BASICS OF IMMUNITY; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Mechanism of Immunity; 1.3 Specificity of Antibodies; 1.4 Components of the Immune System; 1.5 Processing and Presentation of Antigens; 1.6 Clonal Selection of B Cells; 1.7 Cooperation between Innate Immunity and Adaptive Immunity; 1.8 Difference between Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems; 1.9 Immunity Malfunction and Immunodeficiency; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 2. COMPOSITION OF IMMUNE SYSTEM; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Cell Death: Necrosis and Programmed Cell Death; 2.3 Cells of the Immune System; 2.4 Adaptive Immune System Cells; 2.5 Classification of Cell Markers Based on Structure; 2.6 Primary Lymphoid Organs and Tissues; 2.7 Positive Selection and Negative Selection of T Cells; 2.8 Secondary Lymphoid Organs; 2.9 Networking of Immune System; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 3. ANTIGENS AND IMMUNOGENS; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Immunogen Determining Factors; 3.3 Properties of Antigens; 3.4 Various Forms of Antigens; 3.5 Role of Biological System in Immunogenicity; 3.6 Antigenic Determinants (Epitopes) and Paratopes; 3.7 Properties of B-Cell Active Sites; 3.8 Nature of B-Cell Epitopes Protein; 3.9 Location of B-Cell Epitopes; 3.10 Immunodominant and Overlapping Epitopes; 3.11 T-Cell Epitopes Derived from Antigens; 3.12 Hapten-Carrier Conjugates Antigenicity; 3.13 Epitope Mapping; 3.14 Pattern Recognition Receptor Protein; 3.15 TLR-Related Proteins; 3.16 Important Findings; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 4. ANTIGEN DETERMINANTS; 4.1 Antibodies; 4.2 Sites for the Formation of Antibodies; 4.3 Glycosylation; 4.4 Enzymatic and Chemical-Based Study of Antibody Structure; 4.5 Sequencing of Immunoglobulin; 4.6 Fine Structure of Immunoglobulin; 4.7 Domains of Immunoglobulin; 4.8 X-Ray Crystallography of Domains; 4.9 Variability of Cdrs; 4.10 Constant Regions Domain and their Functions; 4.11 Effector Functions of Antibody; 4.12 Different Classes of Antibodies based on Constant Region; 4.13 Epitopes of Immunoglobulins; 4.14 Receptors of B Cells; 4.15 Immunoglobulin Superfamily; 4.16 Monoclonal Antibody; 4.17 Diversity of Antibody; 4.18 Variable Region DNA Rearrangement; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 5. ANTIGEN AND ANTIBODY INTERACTION; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Types of Bonds in Antigen-Antibody Interaction; 5.3 Cross-Reactivity of Antibodies; 5.4 Techniques Based on Antigen-Antibody Reactions; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 6. MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX; 6.1 Introduction; 6.2 Discovery of MHC; 6.3 Classes of MHC Molecules; 6.4 Types of Mice Strain Based on MHC; 6.5 Inheritance of HLA Haplotypes in Humans; 6.6 Structure of Class I Molecules and Class II Molecules; 6.7 Linkage Disequilibrium; 6.8 Relevance of MHC Polymorphism; 6.9 MHC Molecule Distribution in Various Cell Types; 6.10 Immune Responsiveness to MHC; 6.11 Variability in Immune Responsiveness; 6.12 MHC Gene Regulation; 6.13 TCR-CD3 Complex; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 7. COMPLEMENT SYSTEM; 7.1 Introduction; 7.2 Synthesis and Components of the Complement System; 7.3 Activation of Complement System; 7.4 Regulation of the Complement System; 7.5 Effects of Complement Activation on Biological System. 7.6 Protection of Microbes Against Complement-Mediated Damage; 7.7 Deficiencies of Components of the Complement System; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 8. REGULATION OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE; 8.1 Introduction to Generation and Maturation of B Cells; 8.2 Role of B-Cell Coreceptor; 8.3 Role of TH Cells in B-Cell Responses; 8.4 Cytokines and its Role in B Cell; 8.5 Negative Selection of Mature Self-Reactive B Cells in Periphery; 8.6 Primary and Secondary Humoral Responses of B Cells; 8.7 Original Antigenic Sin; 8.8 Role of T Cells in Humoral Responses; 8.9 Secondary Modification of B Cells at Germinal Centre; 8.10 B Cells Development Regulation; 8.11 T-Cell Regulation; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 9. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY AND CYTOTOXICITY; 9.1 Introduction; 9.2 Mechanisms of Cell Targeting and Lysis Mediated by Cytotoxic; T Cells and NK Cells; 9.3 Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity; 9.4 Macrophage-Mediated Cytotoxicity; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 10. ALLERGIC REACTIONS OR HYPERSENSITIVITY; 10.1 Introduction; 10.2 Classification Based on Gell and Coombs Reaction; 10.3 Antibody-Dependent Allergic Reactions; 10.4 Antibody-Independent or Cell-Mediated Hypersensitivity; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 11. AUTOIMMUNITY; 11.1 Introduction to Autoimmune Diseases; 11.2 Organ-Specific Autoimmune Diseases; 11.3 Diseases due to Stimulated or Blocked Autoantibodies; 11.4 Diseases Mediated by Hyper-Active Lymphocyte Cells; 11.5 Role of CD4+ T Cell, MHC, and TCR in Autoimmunity; 11.6 Autoimmune Development Mechanism; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 12. IMMUNITY TO INFECTIONS AND TUMOURS; 12.1 Introduction; 12.2 Controlling Viral Infection; 12.3 Viral Component Taking Part in Infection; 12.4 Bacterial Infection and Immune Response; 12.5 Protozoan Infections; 12.6 Cancer; 12.7 Development of Modern Vaccines: Difficulties and Future Prospect; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 13. IMMUNOLOGY OF GRAFT REJECTION OR TRANSPLANT REJECTIONS; 13.1 Introduction to Transplantation; 13.2 Immunology of Graft Rejection; 13.3 Immunotherapy and Drugs for Graft Acceptance; 13.4 Induction of Alloantigen Tolerance; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions; 14. CYTOKINES; 14.1 Introduction; 14.2 Cytokine Receptors; 14.3 Classification of Cytokines; 14.4 Balance of Immune Regulator Cytokines; 14.5 Role of Cytokines in the Regulation of B Cells; 14.6 Cytokines in the Development and Maintenance of Immunological Memory; 14.7 Use of Cytokines as Vaccines; At a Glance; Questions; Objective Questions.