Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye

Narayana Nethralaya Postgraduate Institute of Ophthalmology, Bangalore, is a leading eye care center situated in Bangalore, India, and is ranked among the top five institutes of ophthalmology in the country. Established in 1982, by founding Chairman, Dr Bhujang Shetty, Narayana Nethralaya has grown to three campuses wherein over 50 subspecialty-trained ophthalmologists participate in clinical, community, and research activities in 27 departments serving 1000 + patients every day. Narayana Nethralaya has a robust training curriculum accredited by the National Board of Examinations and conducts postgraduate and fellowship programs. Narayana Nethralaya has always strived hard to acquire cutting-edge technology in diagnostic and surgical care, and make it available at affordable costs to its patients-both in the clinic and in the community. This book is a result of that evolution, having combined the latest spectral-domain optical coherence imaging devices with a passion to teach. "A case-based approach illustrates characteristic features of a wide range of anterior and posterior segment disorders. The book beautifully correlates OCT with other imaging findings, thus bringing up the full circle in understanding disease pathology." Anita Agarwal, MD, Vanderbilt Eye Institute, United States "Spectral-domain OCT, has added speed and 'histopathology like' clarity to ophthalmic images! This book is a must for any postgraduate, fellow or specialist, interested in decoding SD-OCT of any part of the eye, especially the retina! I congratulate the editors and the contributors for bringing out such a unique atlas!" PN Nagpal, MD, Ahmedabad, India "The section on Pediatric Retina is an excellent contribution. Great value added to the current ophthalmic literature." RV Paul Chan, MD, Weill Cornell Medical College, United States "A well-illustrated and comprehensive guide to imaging of ophthalmic diseases. A first of its kind book that covers all facets of ophthalmology from anterior to posterior segment. A great read and a must have!" Tin Aung, FRCSEd, PhD, SNEC, Singapore Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye is the first case-based atlas in its class: Covering over 120 clinical entities from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye, from the most common to the rarest conditions Over 1000 descriptive high-resolution OCT images with clinical correlation Case report format for 'easy reading' Over 100 Internationally reputed contributors Separate sections on Cornea, Lens, Glaucoma, Retina, Pediatric Retina, and Uvea

Table of Contents:
Contents Foreword v Preface vii Acknowledgments viii Editorial Board ix List of Contributors xi SECTION I INTRODUCTION 1 1 Principles of Optical Coherence Tomography 3 Supriya Dabir 2 Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of the Eye: Limitations and Advances 6 Sherine Braganza SECTION II TECHNOLOGY: WHAT'S IN THE BOX? 9 3 SPECTRALIST-Heidelberg Engineering 11 Kester Nahen 4 Bioptigen Envisu SD-OCT Primer 18 Eric L Buckland SECTION III CORNEA 29 5 Interpreting Corneal Images with Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography 31 Naoyuki Maeda 6 Imaging the Tear Film on Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography 36 Shizuka Koh FM_OCT.indd xxv 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM xxvi CONTENTS 7 Imaging the Tear Film in Normal and Dry Eyes 38 Osama MA Ibrahim, Takashi Kojima, Yukihiro Matsumoto, and Murat Dogru 8 Imaging the Tear Film in Contact Lens Users 42 Shizuka Koh and Madhusmita Das 9 Bee Stinger 46 Madhusmita Das, Yathish Shivanna, and Chintan Malhotra 10 Collagen Cross-linking with Riboflavin 51 Rohit Shetty 11 Corneal Dystrophies 54 Arundhati Anshu, Donald Tan, and Madhusmita Das 12 Corneal Cyst 63 Tushar Agarwal and Amit Sobti 13 Descemet's Membrane Detachment 66 Vishal Jhanji and Rasik B Vajpayee 14 Keratitis 68 Madhusmita Das, Naoyuki Maeda, and Shizuka Koh 15 Keratoconus 73 Rohit Shetty and Kareeshma Wadia-Havewala 16 Keratoconus with Proud Nebulae 76 Ainur Rahman and Jodhbir S Mehta 17 Keratoconus-INTACST 79 Kareeshma Wadia-Havewala and Rohit Shetty 18 Keratoconus-KERAFLEXT (Microwave Thermoplasty) 81 Kareeshma Wadia-Havewala and Rohit Shetty 19 Keratoplasty-Endothelial Keratoplasty 83 Mark A Greiner, Michael D Straiko, and Mark A Terry 20 Keratoplasty-Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty 92 Karim Mohamed-Noriega, Ainur Rahman, and Jodhbir S Mehta 21 Keratoplasty-Femtosecond Laser-enabled Keratoplasty (FLEK) 96 Ashwini Ranganath, Himanshu Matalia, and Madhusmita Das 22 Keratoprosthesis 100 Bhaskar Srinivasan and Geetha Iyer 23 LASIK-Flaps 103 Sharon D'Souza and Rohit Shetty FM_OCT.indd xxvi 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM CONTENTS xxvii 24 LASIK-Epithelial Ingrowth 106 Sharon D'Souza and Rohit Shetty 25 LASIK Complications-Interface Fluid Syndrome in a Steroid Responder 109 Sharon D'Souza and Rohit Shetty 26 Limbal Dermoid 112 Madhusmita Das and Himanshu Matalia 27 Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia 115 Patrick Oellers, Carol L Karp, Jared L Matthews, Sander R Dubovy, and Jianhua Wang 28 Pinguecula 118 Tarek Ahmed Mohamed and Wael Soliman 29 Pterygium 120 Tarek Ahmed Mohamed and Wael Soliman 30 Radial Keratotomy: Acute Hydrops 123 Tushar Agarwal and Amit Sobti SECTION IV LENS 125 31 Aniridia 127 Mathew Kurien, Sudeep Das, and Rashmi Shetty 32 Cataract 129 Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Rashmi Shetty 33 Clear Corneal Incision 131 Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Ridhima Bhagali 34 Alport's Syndrome 133 Madhusmita Das, Mathew Kurien, Rohit Shetty, and Sudeep Das 35 Phakic Intraocular Lens (pIOL) 137 Mathew Kurien, Sudeep Das, and Aditi Ghodke 36 Subluxated Lens 141 Sudeep Das, Mathew Kurien, and Ridhima Bhagali SECTION V GLAUCOMA 143 37 Angle Imaging 145 Poemen PM Chan and Christopher KS Leung 38 Anterior Chamber Angle and Iris Configuration Changes After Peripheral Laser Iridotomy 149 Poemen PM Chan, Cong Ye, and Christopher KS Leung FM_OCT.indd xxvii 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM xxviii CONTENTS 39 Angle Recession 152 Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV 40 Anterior Chamber Angle-Open and Closed 154 Lisandro M Sakata 41 Aqueous Drainage Channels 159 Syril Dorairaj and Vishal Jhanji 42 Ciliochoroidal Effusion-Drug Induced 162 Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Dhanraj Rao AS 43 Cyclodialysis Cleft 165 Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Ramgopal Balu 44 Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome 168 Rajesh S Kumar, Sathi Devi AV, and Narendra KP 45 Plateau Iris 171 Rajesh S Kumar and Tin Aung 46 Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome 174 Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV 47 Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer in Glaucoma 176 Dhanraj Rao AS and Rajesh S Kumar 48 Bleb Imaging: Effect of Suturolysis 184 Rajesh S Kumar and Sathi Devi AV 49 Glaucoma Drainage Device-Imaging 187 Poemen PM Chan and Christopher KS Leung SECTION VI RETINA 191 50 Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy 193 Rajani Battu 51 Angioid Streak 197 Naresh Kumar Yadav and Santosh Gopi Krishna 52 Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion 201 Priya BV and Kavitha Avadhani 53 Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion 205 Mahesh Chandargi 54 Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy 210 Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Demetrios G Vavvas, and RV Paul Chan FM_OCT.indd xxviii 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM CONTENTS xxix 55 Central Retinal Artery Occlusion 214 Supriya Dabir and Kanav Gupta 56 Central Retinal Vein Occlusion 217 Supriya Dabir and Kanav Gupta 57 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy 221 Manish Nagpal, Navneet Mehrotra, Harsh Yadav, and Jainendra Rahud 58 Choroidal Neovascularization-Wet Age-related Macular Degeneration 227 Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav 59 Choroidal Neovascularization-Myopia 232 Naresh Kumar Yadav 60 Choroidal Osteoma 235 Subhashchandra HD and Kavitha Avadhani 61 Diabetic Retinopathy-Macular Edema Subtypes: CirrusT SD-OCT 238 Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta 62 Diabetic Retinopathy-Macular Edema Subtypes: SPECTRALIST SD-OCT 244 Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav 63 Diabetic Retinopathy-Pregnancy Related 249 Adam Muzychuk and Anna Ells 64 Diabetic Retinopathy-Nonproliferative 253 Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav 65 Diabetic Retinopathy-Proliferative 258 Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav 66 Diabetic Retinopathy-Medical Management 264 Priya BV 67 Diabetic Retinopathy-Pharmacological Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema 267 Subhashchandra HD, Naresh Kumar Yadav, and Supriya Dabir 68 Drusen-Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration 272 Rajani Battu 69 Epiretinal Membrane 276 Naresh Kumar Yadav and Santosh Gopi Krishna 70 Fundus Albipunctatus 278 Ajay Shalwala and Anita Agarwal 71 Hypertensive Retinopathy 282 Supriya Dabir FM_OCT.indd xxix 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM xxx CONTENTS 72 Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy 285 Naresh Kumar Yadav and VP Poonkodi 73 Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia: Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation 288 Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta 74 Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia: Type 2A 294 Santosh Gopi Krishna and Naresh Kumar Yadav 75 Macroaneurysm 297 Manish Nagpal and Navneet Mehrotra 76 Macular Hole 300 Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta 77 Malattia Leventinese 310 Anita Agarwal 78 North Carolina Macular Dystrophy 314 Anita Agarwal 79 Optic Pit 318 Priya BV 80 Optic Neuritis 321 Rajani Battu and Anupama Kiran Kumar 81 Purtscher's Retinopathy 326 Naresh Kumar Yadav and Kanav Gupta 82 Retinitis Pigmentosa 330 Rajani Battu 83 Solar Retinopathy 334 Supriya Dabir 84 Sorsby's Fundus Dystrophy 337 Scott Schoenberger and Anita Agarwal 85 Stargardt's Disease 341 Rajani Battu 86 Traumatic Choroidal Rupture 345 Kavitha Avadhani, Anand Vinekar, and Padmamalini Mahendradas 87 Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome 347 Naresh Kumar Yadav and Kanav Gupta FM_OCT.indd xxx 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM CONTENTS xxxi SECTION VII PEDIATRIC RETINA 349 88 Imaging an Infant on Optical Coherence Tomography 351 Anand Vinekar 89 Foveal Layers in an Infant 354 Anand Vinekar, Ramiro Maldonado, and Cynthia Toth 90 Foveal Maturation in Infants 357 Anand Vinekar, Ramiro Maldonado, and Cynthia Toth 91 Albinism 361 Anand Vinekar 92 Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Epithelium 364 Anand Vinekar and Kavitha Avadhani 93 Cone-Rod Dystrophy 368 Yoshihiro Yonekawa, Demetrios G Vavvas, and RV Paul Chan 94 Leber's Congenital Amaurosis 372 Anand Vinekar 95 Retinoblastoma 374 Ashwin Mallipatna and Vandhana Suren 96 Retinopathy of Prematurity-Macular Changes 377 Anand Vinekar and Kavitha Avadhani 97 Retinopathy of Prematurity-Neovascularization 379 Anand Vinekar, Harsha Pai, and Hemanth Anaspure 98 Retinopathy of Prematurity-Postvitrectomy 381 Anand Vinekar and Naresh Kumar Yadav 99 Rubella Retinopathy 384 Jyoti Matalia and Anand Vinekar 100 Shaken Baby Syndrome 386 Vishak John, Audina Berrocal, and Ditte Hess 101 X-linked Retinoschisis 389 Vishak John, Audina Berrocal, and Ditte Hess SECTION VIII UVEA 393 102 Acute Retinal Necrosis 395 Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas 103 Acute Zonal Occult Outer Retinopathy 398 Sumeer Thinda and Anita Agarwal FM_OCT.indd xxxi 3/26/2013 4:45:40 PM xxxii CONTENTS 104 Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy 405 Maziar Lalezary and Anita Agarwal 105 Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy 408 Scott Schoenberger and Anita Agarwal 106 Cat Scratch Disease 412 Anita Agarwal 107 Chikungunya Retinitis 415 Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani 108 Chorioretinal Folds 418 Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas 109 Choroidal Granuloma 423 Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani 110 Cytomegalovirus Retinitis 432 Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas 111 Dengue Maculopathy 434 Aliza JAP and Soon-Phaik CHEE 112 Fuchs' Uveitis 439 Carl P Herbort and Nadia Bouchenaki 113 Intermediate Uveitis 443 Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani 114 Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome 448 Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas 115 Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis 451 Kavitha Avadhani and Padmamalini Mahendradas 116 Rickettsial Retinitis 454 Moncef Khairallah, Sonia Attia, Rim Kahloun, and Sonia Zaouali 117 Serpiginous Choroiditis 457 Vishali Gupta and Amod Gupta 118 Sympathetic Ophthalmia 460 Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani 119 Toxoplasmic Retinochoroiditis 464 Padmamalini Mahendradas and Kavitha Avadhani 120 Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease 469 Daniel Vitor Vasconcelos-Santos Index