The Caliphate - Formation, Fragmentation and Modern Interpretations

Although the Caliphate was formally abolished ninety years ago, it had already ceased to exist as a unitary and effectively administered political institution many centuries earlier. The ever widening gap between political ideal and historical reality is also reflected in the varying conceptualizations and theories of the Caliphate developed by Islamic religious scholars and Muslim intellectuals past and present. However, recent events in the Islamic world show that the idea of a Caliphate still appeals to Muslims of varying persuasions. This three-volume reference work tracks the history of the Caliphate as what many Muslims believe to be a genuine and authentic Islamic political institution: From its emergence in seventh-century Arabia until highly contested and controversial attempts of its revival at the beginning of the twenty-first century by radical Islamists in Afghanistan and Iraq. No matter how grandiose such interpretations of a seemingly archaic institution may be, they show the Caliphate's longevity as a rallying point - real or symbolic - for Muslims across the world. Volume I: Origins and Formation Volume II: Challenges and Fragmentation Volume III: Modern Interpretations

Table of Contents:
VOLUME I: ORIGINS AND FORMATION Introduction: Origins and Formation Carool Kersten BACKGROUND 1. The Term “Khalifa” in the Early Exegetical Literature Wadād al-Qādī 2. Political Ideas in Early Islamic Religious Thought Josef van Ess 3. The Formation of the Islamic State Fred M. Donner 4. The Separation of State and Religion in the Development of Early Islamic Society Ira M. Lapidus 5. Frontiers and the State in Early Islamic History: Jihād Between Caliphs and Volunteers Robert Haug THE RIGHTLY-GUIDED CALIPHS (632-661CE) 6. Legal Authority of the Sunnah: Practice of the Rightly-Guided Caliphs and Views of the Early Fuqahā’ Muhammad Yusuf Faruqi 7. Muhammad’s Authority and Leadership Reestablished: The Prophet and ˊUmar ibn al-Khat.t.āb Avraham Hakim 8. The Murder of the Caliph ˊUthmân Martin Hinds THE UMAYYAD CALIPHATE (661-750CE) 9. Some Accounts of Women Delegates to Caliph Muˊāwiya: Political Significance Maya Yazigi 10. Was ˊUmar II “a True Umayyad”? Hasan Qasim Murad 11. Reinterpreting al-Walīd bin Yazīd Steven Judd 12. The Redemption of Umayyad Memory by the ʿAbbasids Tayeb El-Hibri THE EARLY ABBASID CALIPHATE (8-9TH CENTURIES) 13. The Tribal Factor in the ˊAbbāsid Revolution: The Betrayal of the Imam Ibrāhīm bin Muh. ammad Khalid Yahya Blankinship 14. The Caliph, the ˊUlāmā’, and the Law: Defining the Role and the Function of the Caliph in the Early ʿAbbāsid Caliphate Muhammad Qasim Zaman 15. A Reexamination of three Current Explanations of al-Ma’mun’s Introduction of the Mih. na John A. Nawas 16. All in the Family? Al-Muˊtas.im’s Succession to the Caliphate as to the Lifelong Feud between al-Ma’mūn and his ˊAbbāsid Family John A. Nawas VOLUME II: CHALLENGES AND FRAGMENTATION Introduction: Challenges and Fragmentation Carool Kersten CALIPHATES AND COUNTER-CALIPHATES (9TH-11TH CENTURIES) 1. Religious Policies of the Caliphs from al-Mutawakkil to al-Muqtadir, AH 232/295/ AD 847-908 Christopher Melchert 2. The Command of the Faithful in Al-Andalus: A Study in the Articulation of Caliphal Legitimacy Janine Safran 3. The Initial Destination of the Fatimid Caliphate: The Yemen or the Maghrib? Shainool Jiwa 4. The Fāt. imids and Egypt 301-358/914-969 Yaacov Lev 5. The Realm of the Imām: The Fatīmids in the Tenth Century Michael Brett 6. An Early Fāt. imid Political Document Wadād al-Qād. ī 7. The Ismaili Daʿwa in the Reign of the Fatimid Caliph Al-H. ākim Paul E. Walker ARAB CALIPHS AND TURKISH SULTANS (13TH-17TH CENTURIES) 8. The Story of the Death of the Last Abbasid Caliph, from the Vatican MS of Ibn-al-Furāt G. Le Strange 9. Studies on the Transfer of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate from Bag˙ dād to Cairo David Ayalon 10. Some Observations on the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate of Cairo P. M. Holt 11. Lut. fī Paşa on the Ottoman Caliphate Hamilton A. R. Gibb 12. The Idea of the Caliphate between Moroccans and Ottomans: Political and Symbolic Stakes in the 16th and 17th Century-Maghrib Abderrahmane El Moudden 13. The Man Who Would be Caliph: A Sixteenth-Century Sultan’s Bid for An African Empire Stephen Cory BETWEEN HISTORICAL REALITY AND POLITICAL IDEAL: CALIPHS AND ULAMA 14. Caliphs, Jurists and the Saljūqs in the Political Thought of Juwaynī Wael B. Hallaq 15. Islamic Orthodoxy or Realpolitik? Al-Ghazālī’s Views on Government Carole Hillenbrand 16. The Legal Policies of the Almohad Caliphs and Ibn Rushd’s Bidāyat al-Mujtahid Maribel Fierro 17. An Eighteenth-Century Theory of the Caliphate Aziz Ahmad VOLUME III: MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY INTERPRETATIONS Introduction: Modern and Contemporary Interpretations Carool Kersten OTTOMAN CALIPHATE OR ARAB CALIPHATE? 1. Opposition to the Ottoman Caliphate in the Early Years of Abdülhamid II: 1877-1882 Ş. Tufan Buzpinar 2. The Pan-Islamic Appeal: Afghani and Abdülhamid II Nikki R. Keddie 3. “Taking Back” the Caliphate: Sharīf H. usaynIbn Alī, Mustafa Kemal and the Ottoman Caliphate Joshua Teitelbaum 4. Egypt and the Caliphate 1915-1946 Elie Kedourie CALIPHATE OR NO CALIPHATE? 5. The Indian Khilāfat Movement (1918-1924) M. Naeem Qureshi 6. The Destruction of the Ottoman Caliphate Facsimile from: Advocate of Peace Through Justice(April 1924) 7. Muslims of the Dutch East Indies and the Caliphate Question Martin van Bruinessen 8. Arab Religious Nationalism in the Colonial Era: Rereading Rashīd Rid. ā’s Ideas on the Caliphate Mahmoud Haddad 9. The Central Argument (from: A Religion Not a State: Ali ˊAbd al-Raziq’s Islamic Justification of Political Secularism) Souad T. Ali PAN-ISLAMISM REDUX 10. Pan-Islamic Tendencies and the General Muslim Congress of 1931 Uri M. Kupferschmidt 11. Taqī al-Dīn al-Nabhānī and the Islamic Liberation Party David Commins 12. Hizbut Tahrir: Islam’s Ideological Vanguard Noman Hanif THE CALIPHATE TODAY 13. The Caliphate Vernie Liebl 14. Legal Evaluation of the Proclamation of the Caliphate Shaykh Abu al-Mundhir al-Shinqiti (translated from the Arabic by Carool Kersten) 15. Khilafa as the Viceregency of Humankind: Religion and State in the Thought of Nurcholish Madjid Carool Kersten