Planar Circuits for Microwaves and Lightwaves: (18 Springer Series in Electronics and Photonics)

Until recently, three principal classes had been known in the electrical cir- cuitry. They were as follows: 1) The lumped-constant circuit, which should be called a zero-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller in size as compared with the wavelength in all three spatial directions. 2) The distributed-constant circuit, which should be called a one-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller than the wavelength in two directions but comparable to the wavelength in one di- rection. 3) The waveguide circuit, which should be called a three-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are comparable to the wavelength in all three directions. The principal subject of this book is the analysis and design (synthesis) theories for another circuit class which appeared in the late 1960s and became common in the 1970s. This new circuit class is 4) the planar circuit, which should be called a two-dimensional circuit, in the sense that the circuit elements are much smaller in size as compared with the wavelength in one direction, but comparable to the wavelength in the other two directions.

Table of Contents:
1. Introduction.- 1.1 Seven Ranks in Electrical and Optical Circuitry.- 1.2 Classification and Technical Significance of Planar Circuits.- 1.3 History of Planar Circuit Research.- 1.4 History of Optical Planar Circuit Research.- 1.5 Purpose and Organization of This Book.- 2. Analysis of Planar Circuits Having Simple Shapes.- 2.1 Background.- 2.2 Basic Equations.- 2.3 Derivation of Circuit Characteristics.- 2.4 Examples of Analysis Based on Green’s Function.- 2.5 Determination of Equivalent Circuit Parameters Based on Energy Consideration.- 2.6 Equivalent Circuit of a Multiport Planar Circuit.- 2.7 Validity of the Open-Boundary Assumption.- 2.8 Examples of Planar Circuits Having Simple Shapes.- 2.9 Summary.- 3. Analysis of Planar Circuits Having Arbitrary Shapes.- 3.1 Background.- 3.2 Basic Formulation of the Contour-Integral Method.- 3.3 Circuit Parameters of an Equivalents N Port.- 3.4 Transfer Parameters of a Two-Port Circuit.- 3.5 Numerical Computation Procedure.- 3.6 Examples of Computer Analysis by the Contour-Integral Method.- 3.7 Analyses Based on Eigenfunction Expansion.- 3.8 Summary.- 4. Short-Boundary Planar Circuits.- 4.1 Background.- 4.2 Principle of Analysis.- 4.3 Short-Boundary Planar Circuit Having Two Coaxial Coupling Ports.- 4.4 Short-Boundary Planar Circuit Having Two Waveguide Coupling Ports.- 4.5 Examples of Numerical Analysis.- 4.6 Higher-Order Mode Consideration at Reference Planes.- 4.7 Summary.- 5. Segmentation Method.- 5.1 Background.- 5.2 Theory of Segmentation Method Using S Matrices.- 5.3 Theory of Segmentation Method Using Z Matrices.- 5.4 Summary.- 6. Trial-and-Error Synthesis of Optimum Planar Circuit Pattern.- 6.1 Background.- 6.2 Method of Synthesis.- 6.3 Comparison with Experiment.- 6.4 Computer Time.- 6.5 Summary.- 7. FullyComputer-Oriented Synthesis of Optimum Planar Circuit Pattern.- 7.1 Background.- 7.2 Method of Synthesis.- 7.3 Parameters and Computational Techniques in an Actual Example of Synthesis.- 7.4 Results of Synthesis.- 7.5 Experimental Verification.- 7.6 Further Improvement of Frequency Characteristics by Addition of External Circuits.- 7.7 Evaluation of the Synthesized Circuit Patterns.- 7.8 Summary.- 8. Planar Circuits with Anisotropic Spacing Media.- 8.1 Background.- 8.2 Theories of Analysis.- 8.3 Formulations for Numerical Computation and Examples of Calculation.- 8.4 Comparison of the Eigenfunction-Expansion and Contour-Integral Methods.- 8.5 Optimum Design of Ferrite Planar Circuits.- 8.6 Summary.- 9. Optical Planar Circuits.- 9.1 Background.- 9.2 Wave-Optics Approach to Optical Planar Circuits.- 9.3 Geometrical Optics Approach to Optical Planar Circuits.- 9.4 Optical Planar Circuits Having Uniform Slab Structure.- 9.5 Optical Planar Circuits Having Periodic Structures.- 9.6 Planar Lenses.- 9.7 Summary.- 10. Optical Planar Circuits Having Stripelike Waveguiding Structures.- 10.1 Background.- 10.2 Model to be Considered.- 10.3 Geometrical Optics Approach.- 10.4 Wave-Optics Approaches.- 10.5 Beam-Propagation Method.- 10.6 Summary.- A2.1 Derivation of (2.5).- A2.2 Some Characteristics of Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions.- A3.1 Weber’s Solution Using Cylindrical Waves.- A3.2 Derivation of (3.1).- A3.3 Choice of the Green’s Function Used in Contour-Integral Analysis.- A4.1 Proof of (4.1) for a Multiply Connected Circuit Pattern.- A8.1 Derivation of (8.5, 8).- A8.2 Derivation of (8.18, 19).- A9.1 Derivation of (9.27).- A9.2 Derivation of (9.32, 33).- References.