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Home > History and Archaeology > History > European history > Medieval period, middle ages > Das Martyrium (Qiddusch Haschem) Von 1096 in Aschkenas
Das Martyrium (Qiddusch Haschem) Von 1096 in Aschkenas

Das Martyrium (Qiddusch Haschem) Von 1096 in Aschkenas


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About the Book

'Der Satan kam und mischte sich unter die Volker, und sie versammelten sich allesamt wie ein Mann, dem Befehle nachzukommen'. Diese Schilderung des Chronisten Salomo ben Simson spielt auf Papst Urban II. an, der am 26. November des Jahres 1095 nach dem Ende der Synode von Clermont zur Befreiung des Heiligen Grabes in Jerusalem aufrief und damit (unwissentlich?) ein Fanal heraufbeschwor, dessen Auslaufer auch in Form fanatisierter Kreuzfahrer bis in das rheinische Aschkenas reichten. Europa erlebte seine ersten grossen Judenverfolgungen. Die Fruhlingsmonate des Jahres 1096 besiegelten das Schicksal einiger der altesten und angesehensten Gemeinden am Rhein und endeten mit deren Untergang. Die judischen Bedrangten, die wahrend der pogromartigen Gewalt zwischen 'Tod oder Taufe' zu wahlen hatten, entschieden sich in ihren gewichtigsten und extremsten Reaktionen fur das Qiddusch haSchem, den freiwillig auf sich genommenen Tod. Obwohl nur eine Facette der Handlungen, stellte die radikale Form des Martyriums, das unabhangig von Geschlecht, Alter, Reputation oder finanzieller Stellung vollzogen wurde, eine Neuerung in der judischen Martyriumsgeschichte dar. Die folgende Arbeit wird sich mit diesem (neuartigen) Martyrium befassen und der Frage nachgehen, wie es moglich war, dass es 1096 im aschkenasischen Judentum zu einer solch radikalen Affirmation des Martyrergedankens kommen konnte, dass Tausende von Juden unter der Oppression der Kreuzfahrer der Konversion den Tod vorzogen. Um diese schwierige Frage beantworten zu konnen, mussen verschiedene (oft sperrige) Bereiche untersucht werden. Neben der Auseinandersetzung mit der Neuartigkeit der Verfolgungen wahrend des Ersten Kreuzzuges mussen auch die gesetzlichen Bewertungen der Martyrien untersucht und mit Bezug v.a. auf die Haggada die bedeutendsten matyrialen Vorbilder dargestellt werden, zumal letztere nicht selten direkt in den Chroniken verarbeitet wurde. Abschliessend sollen noch die augenfalligsten Besonderheiten der aschkenasischen Juden (in Abgrenzung zu den sephardischen) behandelt werde


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9783638471800
  • Publisher: Grin Verlag
  • Publisher Imprint: Grin Verlag
  • Language: German
  • ISBN-10: 3638471802
  • Publisher Date: 01 Jan 2006
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)
  • No of Pages: 29


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