Advances in High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology: Proceedings of the International Conference on High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology, Heidelberg, August 30 - September 3, 1998

At present, there is growing interest in high pressure bioscience and biotechnology. The activities are nearly equally distributed between fundamental research and applications. With original work on marine and terrestrial microbiology, biochemicstry, molecular biology, deep-sea diving, food science and other industrial applications, this book covers the whole range of current high pressure bioscience. Advances in High Pressure Bioscience and Biotechnology will be welcomed by all industrial and academic researchers who are working in this field.

Table of Contents:
Microorganisms from the Deep-Sea.- The Properties of Deep-Sea Piezophilic Bacteria and Their Possible Uses in Biotechnology.- Changes in the Microbial Community in Deep-Sea Sediment During Cultivation Without Decompression.- Microbial Communities in the World’s Deepest Ocean Bottom - The Mariana Trench.- An Expression of a Cold Shock Inducible Gene CspA Under Hydrostatic Pressure in Deep-Sea Barophilic Bacterium, Shewanella sp. Strain DSS12.- Microorganisms.- Interaction Between Osmotic and Hydrostatic Pressure in Yeast Inactivation.- Multiple Stress Resistance in Pressure Resistant Escherichia coli Mutants.- Strain Differences in Resistance to High Pressure and Mild Heat in Isolates of Escherichia coli O157.- Hsc70 Is Not Essential for Thermotolerance but for Barotolerance.- Ribosome Analysis In Vivo by Differential Scanning Calorimetry: The Effects of High Pressure on Escherichia coli.- Measurement of Microbial Activities Under High Pressure by Calorimetry.- Use of a Fatty Acid Auxotroph To Study the Role of Membrane Fatty Acid Composition on the Pressure Resistance of Escherichia coli.- High Pressure Inactivation of Heat Activated Ascospores of the Mould Eurotium repens.- Microorganism Inactivation Using High Pressure Generation in Sealed Vessels Under Sub-Zero Temperature.- High Pressure Inactivation of Anaerobic Spores from Clostridium pasteurianum.- Neutral Trehalases Contribute to Barotolerance in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.- Ultra High Pressure Treatment of Streptomyces sp. R61.- The Effects of Sub-Lethal Pressure Treatment on Escherichia coli O157:H7.- Inactivation Kinetics of Fungal Conidiospores.- Acquired Barotolerance and Thermal Stability of Cellular Components at High Pressure in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cells.- Role of Oxidative Stress in the Inactivation of Escherichia coli by High Hydrostatic Pressure.- Effects of Heat and Pressure Shock on Growth Thermograms of Yeast.- Description of Listeria Behaviour Under Various Pressurization Strategies.- Microorganisms in Food.- Pathogen Inactivation by High Pressure Treatment of Foods.- Building Fail-Safe Models To Describe the Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Kinetics of Inactivation of Infectious Pathogens in Foods.- Advances in Bacterial Spores Inactivation in Thermal Treatments Under Pressure.- Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide on Some Bacteria and Yeasts of Interest in the Food Industry.- The Effect of High Pressure on the Microbial Quality of Apple Juices.- Thermal Effect Before High Pressure Treatment on the Reduction of Enterococcus faecalis in Duck Fatty Liver.- High Pressure Inactivation and Survival of Pressure-Resistant Escherichia coli Mutants in Milk.- Membranes and Lipids.- Some Preliminary Measurements of the Effect of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Porin Omp C from E. coli.- New Transition of Dioleoylphosphatidylcholine Bilayer Membrane Under High Pressure.- Effect of Pressure on the Phase Transitions of Dimyristoylphosphatidylethanolamine and Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine Bilayers.- Solidification and Melting of Some Edible Fats and Model Lipid Systems Under Pressure.- The Effects of High Pressure on Signal Transducing Systems of Cultural Endothelial Cells.- Thermotropic and Barotropic Phase Behavior of l-Hexadecyl-2-Palmitoylphosphatidylcholine Bilayer Membrane.- Effect of Pressure and Local Anesthetics on the Phase Transitions of Ether-Linked Dihexadecylphosphatidylcholine Bilayer Membrane.- Proteins.- Pressure-Induced Thermostabilization of Glutamate Dehydrogenase from the Hyperthermophiles Pyrococcus furiosus and Thermococcus litoralis.- High-Resolution NMR Studies of Proteins Under High Pressure.- Pressure-Temperature Induced Unfolding and Aggregation of Proteins.- Comparison of the Pressure-Temperature Behavior of Neutral Proteases from Thermophilic and Psychrophilic Bacteria.- Cold Denaturation of Proteins Under Pressure Studied by Time-Resolved Fluorescence. Application to Ribonuclease P2 from S. sofataricus.- High Pressure Fluorescence Studies of Porphyrins and Hemoproteins.- Pressure-Induced Rearrangement of Aryl-Iron Complexes in Cytochrome P-450cam: Application to Topological Mapping of the Compressed Active Site.- The Dynamics of Protein-Bound Water in the Heme Domain of P450BM3 as Compared with P450cam and P450 2B4.- Use of High Pressure To Investigate the Role of Carbohydrate Moiety in the Conformational Stability of Carboxypeptidase Y.- Complex Unfolding Events of Sso7d from S. solfataricus at High Temperature and High Pressure.- Influence of Pressure on the Reactivity of Antigens and Antibodies. Application to the Follow-up of Conformational Changes.- Cold, Heat and Pressure Denaturation of Horse Heart Metmyoglobin: A FTIR Study.- Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Versus Conformational Changes in Proteins. A Two-Dimensional FTIR Approach.- Pressure and Temperature Stability of ?-Galactosidases: A Structural and Functional Study.- Conformational Changes of Lipoxygenase at Elevated Pressure and Temperature.- Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange of Lipoxygenase at High Pressure and Temperature.- High Hydrostatic Pressure Effect on Activity of Circulating Immune Complex Formation in Blood Serum.- Pressure Effect on the Temperature Unfolding and Gelation of Myoglobin.- The Influence of High Pressure Treatment on the Spectroscopic Properties of Ovalbumin.- Contribution of Hydrophobic Residues to the Stability of Ribonuclease A Chain Folding Initiation Site Mutants. A Comparison of Pressure and Temperature Induced Unfolding.- Pressure Effect on Hydration of Biomolecules.- Enzymes.- High Pressure Enzyme Kinetics.- The Single Cysteinyl Residue (Cys341) of Carboxypeptidase Y for Cavity Control in the S1 Substrate Binding Pocket.- Effects of Hydrostatic and Osmotic Pressures on Dealkylation (Aging) of Phosphylcholinesterase Adducts.- Post-Inactivation of Butyrylcholinesterase Following Heat and/or Pressure Treatment.- Combined Action of Temperature and Pressure on the Catalytic Activity of Wild-Type and D70G Mutant of Human Butyrylcholinesterase.- Pressure Activates Oligomeric Enzymes in Reversed Micelles by Stabilisation of Different Oligomeric Forms.- Food Proteins.- Proteolysis of Bovine ?-Lactoglobulin and Chicken Egg Ovalbumin During Treatment at High Pressure.- Pressure Stability of Lipoxygenase from Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) at Subzero and Elevated Temperature.- Modeling Kinetics of Pressure-Temperature Inactivation of Enzymes: A Case Study on Soybean Lipoxygenase.- Effect of pH and Antibrowning Agents on the Pressure Stability of Avocado and Mushroom Polyphenoloxidase.- Thermal and Combined Pressure-Temperature Inactivation of Orange Pectinesterase: Influence of pH and Ca2+-Ions.- Properties of a Soluble Form of High-Pressure-Treated Egg Albumen.- Nucleic Acids and Linear Polymers.- DNA Supercoiling Under High Pressure.- Pressure Effect on the Chain Shrinkage of Water Soluble Polymers Induced by Complexation with ANS.- Studies on the Mechanism of the Aminoacylation Reaction of Transfer Ribonucleic Acid at High Pressure.- High Pressure Induced Gelation of Proteins and Polysaccharides.- Formation of a Gel from ?-Lactoglobulin Under Hydrostatic Pressure.- Hydration and Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagrams of Wheat Starch.- Alterations of Calcium Alginate Gel Dispersions by High Pressure Treatment.- Development of a Cream Caramel by High Hydrostatic Pressure at Low Temperature.- Coagulation Under High Hydrostatic Pressure: Polymer Latices as a Model for Casein Dispersions.- Pressure Induced Swelling Kinetics of Starch Granules.- Carrageenan Gelification Under High Hydrostatic Pressure: Preparation and Processing of Solutions and Analysis of Gels Obtained.- Microscopic and Rheological Characterization of High Pressure Treated Starch Dispersions.- Chemical Reactions of Food Constituents at High Pressure.- Chemical Reactions of Food Components Under High Hydrostatic Pressure.- The Influence of High Pressure on the Autoxidation of Major Unsaturated Fatty Acid Constituents of Milk.- Unexpected Solvolysis of Vitamin A Acetate Under High Pressure Conditions.- High Pressure Processing of Foods and Food Related Materials.- The Relevance of Kinetic Data in High Pressure Food Processing.- Modeling Conductive Heat Transfer and Process Uniformity During Batch High-Pressure Processing of Foods.- Comparative Studies Concerning the Digestibility of Raw, Heated and High-Pressure-Treated Foods in Young Pigs and In Vitro.- High Pressure Processed Apple Desserts. Microbiological and Physicochemical Properties.- The Role of Polysaccharides and Metal Ions in the Cell Walls in the Pressure-Induced Hardening of Root Vegetables.- Influence of High Pressure on Protein-Polysaccharide Interactions.- High Hydrostatic Pressure for Preservation of Salted Tarts: Quiche Lorraine.- Effects of High Pressure on Textural Characteristics of Cod (Gadus morhua) Muscle.- Influence of High Isostatic Pressure on Muscle of Octopus (Octopus vulgaris).- Effect of a High Pressure Treatment on the Texture and Enzyme Activities of Selected Vegetables.- Release of Iron from Beef, Liver, Soya Flour and Spinach on High Pressure Treatment.- The Effects of Hydrostatic High Pressure on the Brewing Process and Beer.- A Comparison Between UHP Hydrostatic Exposure and UHP Discharge Production Methods.- Pascalisation of Delicatessen.- Effect of High Pressure Treatment on Lipoxygenase Activity in Cherry Tomatoes.- Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure on the Aromatic Compounds of Strawberry “Coulis”.- Milk and Milk Products.- Proteolysis and Viscoelastic Properties of High Pressure Treated Gouda Cheese.- Reaction Kinetics of Ultra-High Pressure Treatment of Milk.- Effect of High Pressure on Yoghurt.- Influence of Pressurization on Goat Milk and Cheese Composition and Yield.- Maturation Profiles of Goat Cheese Produced from High Pressure Treated Milk.- Goat’s Milk Cheese Accelerated Ripening. Compositional Indexes.- Pressure Temperature Phase Diagrams of Some Fat Containing Foodstuffs: Milk Cream, Milk Fat.- Freezing and Thawing Under High Pressure.- Pressure Assisted Thawing of Potato Cylinders.- Thermal Behaviour of the High-Pressure-Assisted Freezing Process and Its Effect on the Quality of Large Foodstuffs.- High Hydrostatic Pressure Freezing and Thawing of Pork Meat: Quality Preservation, Processing Times and High Pressure Treatment Advantages.- Pressure-Assisted Freezing of Pork Muscle Meat vs. Ordinary Freezing: Protein Denaturation.- Texture and Structure of High-Pressure-Frozen Food Gels.- High Hydrostatic Pressure Effects on Freezing and Thawing Processes of Pork Meat.- Application of High Pressurization to Fish Meat: The Ultrastructural Changes and Nucleotide in Frozen Carp Muscle Under High Pressure Thawing.- New Experimental Methods, Applications and Equipment.- A New Application of Moderate Hydrostatic Pressure for Efficient Detection of Living Yeast by Flow Cytometry.- In Situ Viscosity Measurement During the Ultra High Pressure Treatment of Fluid Food Systems.- Sample Preparation for Molecular Diagnostics by Pressure Cycling.- An In Situ Technique To Visualize Temperature and Velocity Fields in Liquid Biotechnical Substances at High Pressure.- Transport Phenomena in Foods Under High Hydrostatic Pressure.- Engineering Solutions for Research, Pilot and Production High Pressure.- High Pressure and Preservatives for Cosmetics - New Data and First Practical Experiences.- New Technique for Kinetic Studies of Pressure-Temperature Induced Changes of Biological Materials.- High-Pressure Apparatus for Investigation of Biological Systems.- A Procedure for Minimizing Temperature Overshoots During Pressure Build-up and Release in Kinetic Experiments.- Whole Organisms and Human Cells, Deep Diving.- Reversibility of High Pressure Effects in Isolated Adult Murine Skeletal Muscle Fibres Tested at Pressures up to 600 Bar and a Temperature of +4 °C.- The Influence of Water Dissolved Argon and Nitrogen on Hydra (Hydra attenuata) Budding Activity Under Normal Ambient Pressure.- The Effects of Oxygen-Argon Gaseous Mixtures on Humans Under Long-Term Hyperbaric Condition.- Flow Cytometric Testing of Blood Platelet Activation in Diving.- Some Peculiarities of Human Microflora in Oxygen-Argon Hyperbaric Gaseous Media.- The Basic Principles of Deep Divers Anti-Infection Safety.- Effects of Thiol-Reactive Reagents on Hemolysis Under Hydrostatic Pressure of Human Erythrocytes.- Author Index.