Business Process Engineering: Reference Models for Industrial Enterprises

The book affords researchers, users and students valuable assistance in implementing new organisational concepts through the employment of new information processing techniques. The structure of the book follows the business processes of logistics, product development, information and coordination, and offers detailed examples of how outdated organisational structures can be reengineered. Examples from standard software systems (especially SAP R/3) demonstrate the book's down-to-earth practicality. The book develops in the views of the proven "Architecture of Integrated Information Systems" (ARIS) a comprehensive enterprise model, which serves as a reference model for engineering concrete business processes in industrial enterprises.

Table of Contents:
A: Architecture and Description of Integrated Information Systems.- A.I Architecture of Integrated Information Systems (ARIS).- A.I.1 Integrated Information Systems.- A.I.2 The ARIS Approach.- A.I.2.1 Descriptive Views.- A.I.2.2 Descriptive Levels.- A.II Selecting and Representing the Description Methods Employed.- A.II.1 Requirements Definitions.- A.II.1.1 Requirements Definition: The Function View (Functional Structure, Process Sequence, Processing Forms).- A.II.1.2 Requirements Definition: The Organization View.- A.II.1.3 Requirements Definition: The Data View.- A.II.1.3.1 The Basic ER Model.- A.II.1.3.2 Extended ER Models.- A.II.1.3.2.1 Extending the Model with Design Operators.- A.II.1.3.2.2 Event and Condition Representations.- A.II.1.3.2.3 Extended Cardinalities.- A.II.1.3.2.4 Identification and Existential Dependence.- A.II.1.3.3 Alternative Forms of Representation.- A.II.1.3.4 Establishing the Design Aids Used.- A.II.1.3.5 An Example.- A.II.1.4 Requirements Definition: The Control View.- A.II.1.4.1 Combining Functions with Organization.- A.II.1.4.2 Combining Functions with Data.- A.II.1.4.2.1 Event Control and Data Flow.- A.II.1.4.2.2 Object-Oriented Modeling.- A.II.1.4.3 Combining Organization with Data.- A.II.1.4.4 Functions - Organization - Data.- A.II.2 Design Specifications.- A.II.2.1 Design Specification: The Function View (Module and Transaction Design).- A.II.2.2 Design Specification: The Organization View (Network Topology).- A.II.2.3 Design Specification: The Data View (Relational Model, Network Model).- A.II.2.3.1 The Relational Model.- A.II.2.3.2 The Network Model.- A.II.2.4 Design Specification: The Control View.- A.II.2.4.1 Combining Functions with Organization.- A.II.2.4.2 Combining Functions with Data.- A.II.2.4.3 Combining Organization with Data.- A.II.2.4.4 Functions - Organization - Data.- A.II.2.4.4.1 Trigger and Action Control.- A.II.2.4.4.2 Distributed Data Processing.- A.II.3 Implementation Description.- A.II.3.1 Implementation Description: The Function View.- A.II.3.2 Implementation Description: The Organization View.- A.II.3.3 Implementation Description: The Data View (Database Scheme).- A.II.3.3.1 Relational Database Description.- A.II.3.3.2 Network Database Description.- A.II.3.4 Implementation Description: The Control View.- A.III Further Procedures.- A.III.1 Summary of Methods Used.- A.III.2 Tool Use.- A.III.3 Structural Criteria and Book Format.- B: Logistics Processes.- B.I Production Logistics.- B.I.1 Overview: Production Logistics Subprocesses.- B.I.2 Primary Requirements Management.- B.I.3 Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.1 Overview: Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.2 Requirements Definitions for Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.2.1 Managing Bills of Materials.- B.I.3.2.1.1 The Basic Bill of Materials.- B.I.3.2.1.2 Extensions of Bills of Materials.- B.I.3.2.1.2.1 Variants.- B.I.3.2.1.2.2 Combined Bills of Materials.- B.I.3.2.1.2.3 Cycles.- B.I.3.2.2 Requirements Explosion.- B.I.3.2.2.1 Planning Types - Planning Level - Production Level.- B.I.3.2.2.2 Secondary Requirements, Inventory, Orders.- B.I.3.2.2.3 Gross-Net Calculation.- B.I.3.2.2.4 Lot Sizing.- B.I.3.2.2.5 Inventory Management.- B.I.3.2.2.5.1 Data Entry Functions.- B.I.3.2.2.5.2 Analyses.- B.I.3.2.2.5.3 Inventory.- B.I.3.2.3 Requirements Tracking.- B.I.3.2.3.1 Single-Level Requirements Tracking.- B.I.3.2.3.1.1 Procedure.- B.I.3.2.3.1.2 An Example.- B.I.3.2.3.2 Multi-Level Requirements Tracking.- B.I.3.2.3.2.1 Procedure.- B.I.3.2.3.2.2 An Example.- B.I.3.2.4 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.2.4.1 Requirements Definition for Requirements Planning: The Function View.- B.I.3.2.4.2 Requirements Definition for Requirements Planning: The Organization View.- B.I.3.2.4.3 Requirements Definition for Requirements Planning: The Data View.- B.I.3.2.4.4 Requirements Definition for Requirements Planning: The Control View.- B.I.3.2.4.4.1 Functions - Organization.- B.I.3.2.4.4.2 Functions - Data.- B.I.3.2.4.4.3 Organization Data.- B.I.3.2.4.4.4 Functions - Organization - Data.- B.I.3.3 Design Specification for Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.3.1 Design Specification for Requirements Planning: The Function View.- B.I.3.3.2 Design Specification for Requirements Planning: The Organization View.- B.1.3.3.3 Design Specification for Requirements Planning: The Data View.- B.I.3.3.4 Design Specification for Requirements Planning: The Control View.- B.I.3.3.4.1 Functions - Organization.- B.I.3.3.4.2 Functions - Data.- B.I.3.3.4.3 Organization - Data.- B.I.3.3.4.4 Functions - Organization - Data.- B.I.3.4 Implementation Description for Requirements Planning.- B.I.3.4.1 Implementation Description for Requirements Planning: The Data View.- B.I.3.4.2 Implementation Description for Requirements Planning: The Function View.- B.I.4 Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.1 Overview: Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.2 Requirements Definitions for Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.2.1 Basic Data Management.- B.I.4.2.1.1 Routings and Resources.- B.I.4.2.1.2 An Example.- B.I.4.2.1.3 Analyses.- B.I.4.2.2 Medium-Term Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.2.2.1 Supplementing Production Order Data.- B.I.4.2.2.2 Scheduling without Regard to Capacity Limits.- B.I.4.2.2.2.1 Throughput Scheduling.- B.I.4.2.2.2.2 Capacity Overviews.- B.I.4.2.2.3 Scheduling with Regard to Capacity Effects.- B.I.4.2.2.4 Integrating Requirements Planning and Scheduling.- B.I.4.2.3 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.2.3.1 Requirements Definition for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Function View.- B.I.4.2.3.2 Requirements Definition for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Organization View.- B.I.4.2.3.3 Requirements Definition for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Data View.- B.I.4.2.3.4 Requirements Definition for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Control View.- B.I.4.2.3.4.1 Functions - Organization.- B.I.4.2.3.4.2 Functions - Data.- B.I.4.2.3.4.3 Organization - Data.- B.I.4.2.3.4.4 Functions - Organization - Data.- B.I.4.3 Design Specifications for Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.4.3.1 Design Specification for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Function View.- B.I.4.3.2 Design Specification for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Organization View.- B.I.4.3.3 Design Specification for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Data View.- B.I.4.3.4 Design Specification for Scheduling and Capacity Planning: The Control View.- B.I.4.4 Implementation Description for Scheduling and Capacity Planning.- B.I.5 Production (CAM in the Broader Sense).- B.I.5.1 Overview: Production.- B.I.5.2 Requirements Definitions for Production.- B.I.5.2.1 Order Release.- B.I.5.2.1.1 Static and Dynamic Availability Checks.- B.I.5.2.1.2 Order Release and Distribution.- B.I.5.2.2 Detailed Scheduling.- B.I.5.2.2.1 Data Management.- B.I.5.2.2.2 Information Objects for Detailed Scheduling.- B.I.5.2.2.3 Leitstand Organization.- B.I.5.2.2.4 A Simple Algorithm for Detailed Scheduling.- B.I.5.2.3 CAM in the Narrower Sense.- B.I.5.2.3.1 NC Machines.- B.I.5.2.3.2 Toolmaking and Tooling Control.- B.I.5.2.3.3 Warehouse Control.- B.I.5.2.3.4 Materials Handling Control.- B.I.5.2.3.5 Quality Assurance.- B.I.5.2.3.6 Maintenance.- B.I.5.2.4 Factory Data Entry.- B.I.5.2.5 Production Information System - Production Monitoring - Production Controlling.- B.I.5.2.6 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Production.- B.I.5.2.6.1 Requirements Defnition for Production: The Function View.- B.I.5.2.6.2 Requirements Definition for Production: The Organization View.- B.I.5.2.6.2.1 Computer-Supported Forms of Organization for Production Flexibility.- B.I.5.2.6.2.2 The Object-Oriented Organizational Model.- B.I.5.2.6.3 Requirements Definition for Production: The Data View.- B.I.5.2.6.4 Requirements Definition for Production: The Control View.- B.I.5.3 Design Specifications for Production.- B.I.5.3.1 Design Specification for Production: The Function View.- B.I.5.3.2 Design Specification for Production: The Organization View.- B.I.5.3.2.1 Network Topologies for Functional and Object-Oriented Organizational Models.- B.I.5.3.2.2 Network Standards for Production.- B.I.5.3.3 Design Specification for Production: The Data View.- B.I.5.3.4 Design Specification for Production: The Control View.- B.I.5.4 Implementation Description for Production.- B.I.6 Application Systems for Production Logistics.- B.I.6.1 Change in Emphasis between Planning and Control.- B.I.6.2 Parameters and Scenarios.- B.I.6.3 Special Forms.- B.I.6.3.1 KANBAN.- B.I.6.3.2 Progress Numbers.- B.I.6.4 Standard Software for Production Logistics.- B.II Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.II.1 Overview: Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.II.2 Requirements Definition for Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.II.2.1 Inbound Logistics.- B.II.2.1.1 Basic Data Management.- B.II.2.1.1.1 Data on Goods and Suppliers.- B.II.2.1.1.2 Documents and Terms.- B.II.2.1.1.3 Texts.- B.II.2.1.1.4 Account Coding.- B.II.2.1.2 Purchasing Process.- B.II.2.1.2.1 Requirements and Purchasing Requisitions.- B.II.2.1.2.2 Selecting Suppliers and Determining Quantities to be Ordered.- B.II.2.1.2.3 Data Transfer.- B.II.2.1.2.4 Purchase Order Control.- B.II.2.1.2.5 Receiving.- B.II.2.1.2.6 Invoice Control.- B.II.2.1.2.7 Payment Procedures.- B.II.2.1.2.8 Potential for Simplifying the Purchasing Process.- B.II.2.1.2.9 Analyses.- B.II.2.1.3 Special Purchasing Processes.- B.II.2.2 Outbound Logistics.- B.II.2.2.1 Basic Data Management.- B.II.2.2.1.1 Data on Articles and Customers.- B.II.2.2.1.2 Documents and Terms.- B.II.2.2.1.3 Texts and Price Rules.- B.II.2.2.1.4 Account Coding.- B.II.2.2.2 Sales Process.- B.II.2.2.2.1 Inquiry Processing and Quote Preparation.- B.II.2.2.2.2 Order Acceptance and Control.- B.II.2.2.2.2.1 Standard Articles.- B.II.2.2.2.2.2 One-Off Production and Project Management.- B.II.2.2.2.3 Shipping.- B.II.2.2.2.4 Invoicing.- B.II.2.2.2.5 Payment Procedures.- B.II.2.2.2.6 Potential for Simplifying the Sales Process.- B.II.2.2.2.7 Analyses.- B.II.2.3 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.II.2.3.1 Requirements Definition for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Function View.- B.II.2.3.2 Requirements Definition for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Organization View.- B.II.2.3.3 Requirements Definition for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Data View.- B.II.2.3.4 Requirements Definition for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Control View.- B.II.3 Design Specifications for Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.II.3.1 Design Specification for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Function View.- B.II.3.2 Design Specification for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Organization View.- B.II.3.3 Design Specification for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Data View.- B.II.3.4 Design Specification for Inbound and Outbound Logistics: The Control View.- B.II.4 Implementation Description for Inbound and Outbound Logistics.- B.III Human Resource Logistics.- B.III.1 Overview: Human Resource Logistics.- B.III.2 Requirements Definitions for Human Resource Logistics.- B.III.2.1 Basic Data Management.- B.III.2.2 Human Resource Accounting.- B.III.2.2.1 Time and Performance Data Capture for Calculating Gross Pay.- B.III.2.2.2 Net Pay Calculation.- B.III.2.2.3 Data Interchange.- B.III.2.3 Human Resource Planning.- B.III.2.3.1 Human Resource Requirements Planning.- B.IIL2.3.2 Human Resource Recruitment Planning.- B.III.2.3.3 Human Resource Placement Planning.- B.III.2.3.4 Human Resource Development Planning.- B.III.2.4 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Human Resource Logistics.- B.III.2.4.1 Requirements Definition for Human Resource Logistics: The Function View.- B.III.2.4.2 Requirements Definition for Human Resource Logistics: The Organization View.- B.III.2.4.3 Requirements Definition for Human Resource Logistics: The Data View.- B.III.2.4.4 Requirements Definition for Human Resource Logistics: The Control View.- B.III.3 Design Specifications for Human Resource Logistics.- B.III.4 Implementation Description for Human Resource Logistics.- B.IV Overall Concepts for Logistics.- B.IV.1 Integrated Planning of Sales, Production and Purchasing Programs (Primary Requirements Planning).- B.IV.1.1 Data Consolidation.- B.IV.1.2 Linking Rough and Detailed Planning in Sequential Planning Systems.- B.IV.1.3 Linking Simultaneous Rough Planning Models with Sequential Planning Systems.- B.IV.2 MRP II.- B.IV.3 Job Control Center with Networked Segmentation.- C: Integrated Product Development Processes.- C.I Overview: The Product Development Process.- C.II Requirements Definitions for Product Development.- C.II.1 Marketing.- C.II.1.1 Basic Data Management: Marketing Information Systems (MAIS).- C.II.1.2 Decision Support.- C.II.2 Design Engineering.- C.II.2.1 Basic Data Management: Product Models.- C.II.2.1.1 Integrated Product Models for Design.- C.II.2.1.2 Topological/Geometrical Product Models.- C.II.2.1.3 Relationships between Geometry Management and Bill of Materials Management.- C.II.2.1.4 CAD Interface Standards.- C.II.2.2 Design Process.- C.II.2.2.1 Phase-Oriented Design Process.- C.II.2.2.2 Distributed Design.- C.II.3 Process Planning (CAP).- C.II.3.1 Basic Data Management.- C.II.3.2 Process Planning Process.- C.II.4 Quality Assurance.- C.II.5 Planning Tooling and Fixtures.- C.II.6 Development-Concurrent Costing.- C.II.6.1 Data Management.- C.II.6.2 Development-Concurrent Costing Process.- C.II.7 Planning Disposal and Recycling.- C.II.8 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Product Development.- C.II.8.1 Requirements Definition for Product Development: The Function View.- C.II.8.2 Requirements Definition for Product Development: The Organization View.- C.II.8.3 Requirements Definition for Product Development: The Data View.- C.II.8.4 Requirements Definition for Product Development: The Control View.- C.III Design Specifications for Product Development.- C.III.1 Design Specification for Product Development: The Function View.- C.III.2 Design Specification for Product Development: The Organization View.- C.III.3 Design Specification for Product Development: The Data View.- C.III.4 Design Specification for Product Development: The Control View.- C.IV Implementation Description for Product Development.- D: Information and Coordination Processes.- D.I Accounting (Value-Oriented Information and Coordination Processes).- D.I.1 Overview: Accounting.- D.I.2 Requirements Definitions for Accounting.- D.I.2.1 Financial Accounting.- D.I.2.1.1 Basic Data Management.- D.I.2.1.1.1 Accounts.- D.I.2.1.1.2 Entries and Documents.- D.I.2.1.2 Posting Procedures.- D.I.2.2 Cost and Income Accounting.- D.I.2.2.1 Basic Data Management.- D.I.2.2.1.1 Cost and Income Categories.- D.I.2.2.1.2 Cost Centers.- D.I.2.2.1.3 Reference Variables/Cost Drivers.- D.I.2.2.1.4 Cost Objectives.- D.I.2.2.2 Cost and Income Accounting Process.- D.I.2.2.2.1 Cost and Income Category Accounting.- D.I.2.2.2.2 Cost Center Accounting.- D.I.2.2.2.2.1 Overhead Cost Allocation.- D.I.2.2.2.2.2 Cost Planning and Analysis.- D.I.2.2.2.3 Cost Objective Accounting.- D.I.2.2.2.3.1 Product Costing.- D.I.2.2.2.3.2 Period Costing.- D.I.2.2.2.4 Activity-Based Costing.- D.I.2.3 Controlling/EIS.- D.I.2.4 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Accounting.- D.I.2.4.1 Requirements Definition for Accounting: The Function View.- D.I.2.4.2 Requirements Definition for Accounting: The Organization View.- D.I.2.4.3 Requirements Definition for Accounting: The Data View.- D.I.2.4.4 Requirements Definition for Accounting: The Control View.- D.I.3 Design Specifications for Accounting.- D.II Information Management.- D.II.1 Overview: Information Management.- D.II.2 Requirements Definitions for Information Management.- D.II.2.1 Basic Data Management (ARIS Information Model).- D.II.2.1.1Functions.- D.II.2.1.2 Organization.- D.II.2.1.3 Data.- D.II.2.1.4 Control.- D.II.2.2 Project Process (Application Development).- D.II.2.2.1General ARIS Procedural Model.- D.II.2.2.2 Detailed Procedural Model for Developing an Enterprise-Wide Data Model (EDM).- D.II.2.2.2.1 Project Process.- D.II.2.2.2.2 Top-down or Bottom-up Procedure.- D.II.2.2.2.3 Degrees of Consolidation in Data Models.- D.II.2.3 Workflow Management.- D.II.2.3.1 Characteristics of Office Activities.- D.II.2.3.2 Message Exchange.- D.II.2.3.3 Personal Resource Management.- D.II.2.4 Summarizing and Supplementing the Requirements Definitions for Information Management.- D.II.2.4.1 Requirements Definition for Information Management: The Function View.- D.II.2.4.2 Requirements Definition for Information Management: The Organization View.- D.II.2.4.3 Requirements Definition for Information Management: The Data View.- D.II.2.4.4 Requirements Definition for Information Management: The Control View.- D.II.3 Design Specifications for Information Management.- Literature.- Abbreviations.