Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods: (Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods)

In its most general context, the term `materials measurements’ denotes operations to distinguish qualitatively and to determine quantitatively characteristics of materials. As materials constitute the physical matter of all products – machines, devices, plants, commodities, means of information, communication, transport, habitation and energy supply – materials measurements have a wide scope and impact for science and technology, economy and society. This Handbook compiles advanced methods for materials measurement and characterization from the macroscopic to the nano-scale. Materials science and its industrial applications require the highest level of accuracy and reliability in the measurement of the properties of materials and the assessment of their safety and reliability. Indeed, major technological nations fund large laboratories for testing and measurements that set standards, assess the safety and reliability of materials, and oversee the use of dangerous materials. But behind and beyond the data themselves are the underlying methods whose sophistication and proper use are absolutely necessary to achieve the accuracy, reliability, and safety required by modern technologies. In addition, the acceleration of the design and creation of new materials via techniques such as molecular modeling and simulation, especially on the nanoscale, makes the measurement of new materials properties and their characterization ever more critical. So materials professionals need not only handbooks of materials data but clear guidelines and standards for how to measure the full spectrum of materials characteristics of new materials and systems. Since materials science forms a bridge between the more traditonal fields of physics, engineering, and chemistry, unifying the varying perspectives and covering the full gamut of properties also serves a useful purpose. This handbook is the first dedicated to these practical and important considerations.

Table of Contents:
In a general context, materials measurements denote techniques to distinguish qualitatively and to determine quantitatively characteristics of materials, the substances constituting the physical matter of products, components, and technical systems. Part A: The Materials Measurement System Part A describes the basic elements of metrology, the system which allows measurements made in different laboratories to be confidently compared. The process of making reliable measurements is analyzed along with methods for estimating the uncertainty of measurements. Finally, the various ways of organizing materials are presented and the materials measurement system is outlined. Chap. 1 Measurement Principles and Structures Chap. 2 Measurement Strategy and Quality Chap. 3 Materials and their Characteristics: Overview Part B: Measurement Methods for Composition and Structure Part B presents methods for the analysis of material composition and structure. Structure here includes both atomic and molecular arrangements and also microstructure and defect structures over larger scales. Chap. 4 Chemical Composition Chap. 5 Nanoscopic Architecture and Microstructure Chap. 6 Surface and Interface Characterisation Part C: Measurement Methods for Materials Properties Part C evaluates the methods of measuring the fundamental properties of materials. In addition to all aspects of mechanical properties, the methods of characterizing the thermal, electrical, magnetic and optical properties of materials important to their practical applications are described. Chap. 7 Mechanical Properties Chap. 8 Thermal Properties Chap. 9 Electrical Properties Chap. 10 Magnetic Properties Chap. 11 Optical Properties Part D: Measurement Methods for Materials Performance Part D cores the testing of material performance in application conditions. This includes measurement of corrosion, friction and wear as well as biogenic impact on materials and more specific materials environment interactions. Evaluation of material performance and condition monitoring by nondestructive techniques and embedded sensors is also considered. Finally, experimental, deterministic and probabilistic methods for the characterization of safety and reliability are outlined. Chap. 12 Corrosion Chap. 13 Friction and Wear Chap. 14 Biogenic Impact on Materials Chap. 15 Materials–Environment Interactions Chap. 16 Performance Control and Condition Monitoring Part E: Modelling and Simulation Methods Part E presents important modelling and simulation methods that underline measurement procedures that rely on mathematical models to interpret complex experiments or to estimate properties that cannot be measured directly. Chap. 17 Molecular Dynamics Chap. 18 Continuum Constitutive Modelling Chap. 19 Finite Element and Finite Difference Methods Chap. 20 CALPHAD Methods Chap. 21 Phase Field Chap. 22 Monte Carlo Simulation Appendix: International Standards of Materials Measurement Methods About the Authors Subject Index

About the Author :
Dr. Horst Czichos is Professor of Mechatronics at the University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany. He graduated with a degree in Precision Engineering and worked as a design engineer in the optical industry. He holds Dipl.-Phys. and Dr.-Ing (Materials Science) degrees from the Free and Technical Universities of Berlin and a Dr. h.c. from KU Leuven. He was President of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) from 1992 to 2002 and President of the European Federation of National Associations of Measurement, Testing and Analytical Laboratories, EUROLAB (1999 – 2003), and is now its Delegate for the International Affiliates. Dr. Saito is currently Senior Adviser Emeritus at the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) and Chairman of ISO/TC164 (Mechanical Testing of Metals). He received his Dr.-Eng from the University of Tokyo in 1978 and since has held various positions at the National Research Institute for Metals, including Director of Materials Evaluation Division and Deputy Director-General of the Institute. After retirement from his position as Director of the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Dr. Leslie Smith is a Research Associate at NIST. He received B.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Case Institute of Technology and the Catholic University of America in physical-organic chemistry and conducted research primarily on the adsorption of polymers and the degradation of polyesters.

Review :
Aus den Rezensionen: "Das Springer Handbuch ! umfasst fortschrittliche Methoden der Charakterisierung von Materialien vom makroskopischen Bereich bis zur Nano-Ebene. ! Dieses Buch ist das erste von dieser Art mit seinen praktischen und wichtigen Betrachtungen. ! Das Buch ist von drei international namhaften Personlichkeiten aus nationalen Materialforschungs- und Prufinstituten von Deutschland, Japan und USA editiert worden. Insgesamt 105 Experten haben als Autoren dazu beigetragen !" (H. Klingelhoffer, in: Materials and Corrosion, 2008, Vol. 59, Issue 1, S. 59 f.) From the reviews: "This is an impressive Handbook. It is well referenced and should be an excellent overall general reference for metrology in measurements. The CD ROM is most impressive and makes the Handbook that much more useful. I also like the first several chapters that discuss metrology concepts and ideas and I hope that the Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods is used by scientists and engineers around the world." Dr. Richard B. Pettit Managing Editor, NCSLI MEASURE, The Journal of Measurement Science "The book very successfully develops and explains clearly the guidelines and standards for material measurements and the respective characterization of technical systems. More than 50 pages are incorporated which cover the latest standards … . Quick access to the data in the various parts of the book is guaranteed by a detailed index and a fully searchable CD-ROM. … it can only be emphasized that the book represents a must on the desk of every scientist, expert and student involved in materials measurements." (Materialprüfung, Vol. 49 (3), 2007) "The Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods provides on 1208 pages a concise compilation from more than 100 leading experts in the fields of physics and engineering from all over the world. … is of high value for all pharmaceutical scientists involved in the characterization of drugs, excipients, drug products, devices and packaging materials. … I recommend the Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods as a reference book of high value." (Peter Kleinebudde, European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Vol. 66, 2007) "…an overview of the wide variety of materials measurement procedures is essential for all natural and engineering scientists and – the recently published Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods really closes the gap. …professionals need not only handbooks of materials data but clear guidelines and standards for how to measure the full spectrum of materials characteristics of new materials and systems… Such high requirements could only be matched by the international experience and expertise of the three editors… the book very successfully develops and explains the guidelines and standards… it can only be emphasized that the book represents a must on the desk of every scientist, expert, and student involved in materials measurement.’ Materials Testing (June 2007) “This is a review article … summarizes all of the important aspects of materials characterization covered in the `Springer Handbook of Materials Measurement Methods,’ edited by Horst and his co-editors Tetsuya Saito and Leslie Smith. … The Handbook is supplied with a CD-ROM that makes it … more useful. … If you appreciate the importance of this review article, I am sure that you will be motivated to purchase the complete Springer Handbook `Materials Measurement Methods.’” (NCSL International Measure, Vol. 4 (4), December, 2009)