Nanomaterials: Processing and Characterization with Lasers

The first in-depth treatment of the synthesis, processing, and characterization of nanomaterials using lasers, ranging from fundamentals to the latest research results, this handy reference is divided into two main sections. After introducing the concepts of lasers, nanomaterials, nanoarchitectures and laser-material interactions in the first three chapters, the book goes on to discuss the synthesis of various nanomaterials in vacuum, gas and liquids. The second half discusses various nanomaterial characterization techniques involving lasers, from Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies to light dynamic scattering, laser spectroscopy and such unusual techniques as laser photo acoustic, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, ultrafast dynamics and laser-induced thermal pulses. The specialist authors adopt a practical approach throughout, with an emphasis on experiments, set-up, and results. Each chapter begins with an introduction and is uniform in covering the basic approaches, experimental setups, and dependencies of the particular method on different parameters, providing sufficient theory and modeling to understand the principles behind the techniques.

Table of Contents:
PREFACE LASERS: FUNDAMENTALS, TYPES, AND OPERATIONS Introduction of Lasers Types of Laser and Their Operations Methods of Producing EUV/VUV, X-Ray Laser Beams Properties of Laser Radiation Modification in Basic Laser Structure INTRODUCTION OF MATERIALS AND ARCHITECTURES AT THE NANOSCALE Origin and Historical Development Introduction Band Theory of Solids Quantum Confinement Defects and Imperfections Metal, Semiconductor, and Insulator Nanomaterials Various Synthesis Methods of Nanoscale Materials Various Techniques of Materials Characterization Self-Assembly and Induced Assembly, Aggregation, and Agglomeration of Nanoparticles Applications of Lasers in Nanomaterial Synthesis, Modification, and Characterization Summary and Future Prospects PART I: Nanomaterials and Laser-Based Processing Techniques LASER?MATTER INTERACTION High-Intensity Femtosecond Laser Interactions with Gases and Clusters Laser-Matter Interaction: Plasma and Nanomaterials Processing NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN GAS PHASE Synthesis and Analysis of Nanostructured Thin Films Prepared by Laser Ablation of Metals in Vacuum Synthesis of Nanostructures with Pulsed Laser Ablation in a Furnace ZnO Nanowire and Its Heterostructures Grown with Nanoparticle-Assisted Pulsed Laser Deposition Laser-Vaporization-Controlled Condensation for the Synthesis of Semiconductor, Metallic, and Bimetallic Nanocrystals and Nanoparticle Catalysts NANOMATERIALS: LASER-INDUCED NANO/MICROFABRICATIONS Direct Femtosecond Laser Nanostructuring and Nanopatterning on Metals Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: an Approach to Direct Write of Patterns in Film Form Laser-Induced Forward Transfer: Transfer of Micro-Nanomaterials on Substrate Laser-Induced Forward Transfer for the Fabrication of Devices NANOMATERIALS: LASER-BASED PROCESSING IN LIQUID MEDIA Liquid-Assisted Pulsed Laser Ablation/Irradiation for Generation of Nanoparticles Synthesis of Metal Compound Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquid Synthesis of Fourth Group (C, Si, and Ge) Nanoparticles by Laser Ablation in Liquids PART II: Nanomaterials: Laser-Based Characterization Techniques RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY: BASICS AND APPLICATIONS Raman Spectroscopy and its Application in the Characterization of Devices Effect of Particle Size Reduction on Raman Spectra SIZE DETERMINATION OF NANOPARTICLES BY DYNAMIC LIGHT SCATTERING Introduction General Principles of DLS (Photon Correlation Spectroscopy) Particle Size Standards Applied to DLS Unique DLS Instruments Sample Characterization Using DLS Measurements of Nanoparticles Result of DLS Characterization Conclusion PHOTOLUMNISCENCE/FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUE FOR NANOMATERIALS CHARACTERIZATIONS Application of Photoluminescence Spectroscopy in the Characterizations of Nanomaterials Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy of Nanomaterials PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY AND ITS APPLICATIONS IN CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS Introduction Instrumentation Applications of PA Spectroscopy to the Nanomaterials ULTRAFAST LASER SPECTROSCOPY OF NANOMATERIALS Introduction Ultrafast Time-Resolved Spectroscopy Other Multiple Wave Ultrafast Spectroscopic Techniques Measurement of Charge Carrier Dynamics Conclusion and Future Prospects NONLINEAR OPTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMATERIALS Influence of Laser Ablation Parameters on the Optical and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Colloidal Solution of Semiconductor Nanoparticles High-Order Harmonic Generation in Silver-Nanoparticle-Contained Plasma Studies of Low- and High-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 Nanoparticles Results and Discussion High-Order Harmonic Generation from the BaTiO3- and SrTiO3-Nanoparticle-Contained Laser Plumes Conclusions Acknowledgments POLARIZATION AND SPACE-CHARGE PROFILING WITH LASER-BASED THERMAL TECHNIQUES Introduction Theoretical Foundations and Data Analysis Experimental Techniques Applications Summary and Outlook