Molecular and Supramolecular Information Processing: From Molecular Switches to Logic Systems

Edited by a renowned and much cited chemist, this book covers the whole span of molecular computers that are based on non-biological systems. The contributions by all the major scientists in the field provide an excellent overview of the latest developments in this rapidly expanding area. A must-have for all researchers working on this very hot topic. Perfectly complements Biomolecular Information Processing, also by Prof. Katz, and available as a two-volume set.

Table of Contents:
Preface XIII List of Contributors XV 1 Molecular Information Processing: from Single Molecules to Supramolecular Systems and Interfaces - from Algorithms to Devices - Editorial Introduction 1 Evgeny Katz and Vera Bocharova References 7 2 From Sensors to Molecular Logic: A Journey 11 A. Prasanna de Silva 2.1 Introduction 11 2.2 Designing Luminescent Switching Systems 11 2.3 Converting Sensing/Switching into Logic 13 2.4 Generalizing Logic 15 2.5 Expanding Logic 16 2.6 Utilizing Logic 17 2.7 Bringing in Physical Inputs 20 2.8 Summary and Outlook 21 Acknowledgments 21 References 21 3 Binary Logic with Synthetic Molecular and Supramolecular Species 25 Monica Semeraro, Massimo Baroncini, and Alberto Credi 3.1 Introduction 25 3.2 Combinational Logic Gates and Circuits 27 3.3 Sequential Logic Circuits 41 3.4 Summary and Outlook 48 Acknowledgments 49 References 49 4 Photonically Switched Molecular Logic Devices 53 Joakim Andreasson and Devens Gust 4.1 Introduction 53 4.2 Photochromic Molecules 54 4.3 Photonic Control of Energy and Electron Transfer Reactions 55 4.4 Boolean Logic Gates 61 4.5 Advanced Logic Functions 64 4.6 Conclusion 75 References 76 5 Engineering Luminescent Molecules with Sensing and Logic Capabilities 79 David C. Magri 5.1 Introduction 79 5.2 Engineering Luminescent Molecules 80 5.3 Logic Gates with the Same Modules in Different Arrangements 83 5.4 Consolidating AND Logic 84 5.5 "Lab-on-a-Molecule" Systems 87 5.6 Redox-Fluorescent Logic Gates 90 5.7 Summary and Perspectives 95 References 96 6 Supramolecular Assemblies for Information Processing 99 Catia Parente Carvalho and Uwe Pischel 6.1 Introduction 99 6.2 Recognition of Metal Ion Inputs by Crown Ethers 100 6.3 Hydrogen-Bonded Supramolecular Assemblies as Logic Devices 102 6.4 Molecular Logic Gates with [2]Pseudorotaxane- and [2]Rotaxane-Based Switches 103 6.5 Supramolecular Host-Guest Complexes with Cyclodextrins and Cucurbiturils 110 6.6 Summary 116 Acknowledgments 117 References 117 7 Hybrid Semiconducting Materials: New Perspectives for Molecular-Scale Information Processing 121 Sylwia Gawceda, Remigiusz Kowalik, Przemyslaw Kwolek, Wojciech Macyk, Justyna Mech, Marek Oszajca, Agnieszka Podborska, and Konrad Szacilowski 7.1 Introduction 121 7.2 Synthesis of Semiconducting Thin Layers and Nanoparticles 122 7.3 Electrochemical Deposition 125 7.4 Organic Semiconductors-toward Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Materials 136 7.5 Mechanisms of Photocurrent Switching Phenomena 142 7.6 Digital Devices Based on PEPS Effect 161 7.7 Concluding Remarks 167 Acknowledgments 168 References 168 8 Toward Arithmetic Circuits in Subexcitable Chemical Media 175 Andrew Adamatzky, Ben De Lacy Costello, and Julian Holley 8.1 Awakening Gates in Chemical Media 175 8.2 Collision-Based Computing 176 8.3 Localizations in Subexcitable BZ Medium 176 8.4 BZ Vesicles 180 8.5 Interaction Between Wave Fragments 181 8.6 Universality and Polymorphism 183 8.7 Binary Adder 186 8.8 Regular and Irregular BZ Disc Networks 193 8.9 Memory Cells with BZ Discs 201 8.10 Conclusion 204 Acknowledgments 204 References 205 9 High-Concentration Chemical Computing Techniques for Solving Hard-To-Solve Problems, and their Relation to Numerical Optimization, Neural Computing, Reasoning under Uncertainty, and Freedom of Choice 209 Vladik Kreinovich and Olac Fuentes 9.1 What are Hard-To-Solve Problems and Why Solving Even One of Them is Important 209 9.2 How Chemical Computing Can Solve a Hard-To-Solve Problem of Propositional Satisfiability 218 9.3 The Resulting Method for Solving Hard Problems is Related to Numerical Optimization, Neural Computing, Reasoning under Uncertainty, and Freedom of Choice 228 Acknowledgments 234 References 234 10 All Kinds of Behavior are Possible in Chemical Kinetics: A Theorem and its Potential Applications to Chemical Computing 237 Vladik Kreinovich 10.1 Introduction 237 10.2 Main Result 239 10.3 Proof 246 Acknowledgments 256 References 257 11 Kabbalistic-Leibnizian Automata for Simulating the Universe 259 Andrew Schumann 11.1 Introduction 259 11.2 Historical Background of Kabbalistic-Leibnizian Automata 259 11.3 Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automata 264 11.4 The Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automaton for Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction 268 11.5 The Proof-Theoretic Cellular Automaton for Dynamics of Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum 271 11.6 Unconventional Computing as a Novel Paradigm in Natural Sciences 276 11.7 Conclusion 278 Acknowledgments 278 References 278 12 Approaches to Control of Noise in Chemical and Biochemical Information and Signal Processing 281 Vladimir Privman 12.1 Introduction 281 12.2 From Chemical Information-Processing Gates to Networks 283 12.3 Noise Handling at the Gate Level and Beyond 286 12.4 Optimization of AND Gates 290 12.5 Networking of Gates 294 12.6 Conclusions and Challenges 296 Acknowledgments 297 References 297 13 Electrochemistry, Emergent Patterns, and Inorganic Intelligent Response 305 Saman Sadeghi and Michael Thompson 13.1 Introduction 305 13.2 Patten Formation in Complex Systems 306 13.3 Intelligent Response and Pattern Formation 308 13.4 Artificial Cognitive Materials 314 13.5 An Intelligent Electrochemical Platform 315 13.6 From Chemistry to Brain Dynamics 321 13.7 Final Remarks 327 References 328 14 Electrode Interfaces Switchable by Physical and Chemical Signals Operating as a Platform for Information Processing 333 Evgeny Katz 14.1 Introduction 333 14.2 Light-Switchable Modified Electrodes Based on Photoisomerizable Materials 334 14.3 Magnetoswitchable Electrodes Utilizing Functionalized Magnetic Nanoparticles or Nanowires 336 14.4 Potential-Switchable Modified Electrodes Based on Electrochemical Transformations of Functional Interfaces 339 14.5 Chemically/Biochemically Switchable Electrodes and Their Coupling with Biomolecular Computing Systems 343 14.6 Summary and Outlook 350 Acknowledgments 351 References 352 15 Conclusions and Perspectives 355 Evgeny Katz References 357 Index 359

About the Author :
Evgeny Katz received his Ph.D. in Chemistry from Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry (Moscow) in 1983. He was a senior researcher in the Institute of Photosynthesis (Pushchino), Russian Academy of Sciences (1983-1991), a Humboldt fellow at Technische Universitat Munchen (Germany) (1992-1993), and a research associate professor at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (1993-2006). Since 2006 he is Milton Kerker Chaired Professor at the Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, NY (USA). He has (co)authored over 300 papers in the areas of biocomputing, bioelectronics, biosensors and biofuel cells (Hirsch-index 65). Professor Katz serves as Editor-in-Chief for IEEE Sensors Journal and a member of editorial boards of many other journals.