Modern Analog Filter Analysis and Design: A Practical Approach

Starting from the fundamentals, the present book describes methods of designing analog electronic filters and illustrates these methods by providing numerical and circuit simulation programs. The subject matters comprise many concepts and techniques that are not available in other text books on the market. To name a few - principle of transposition and its application in directly realizing current mode filters from well known voltage mode filters; an insight into the technological aspect of integrated circuit components used to implement an integrated circuit filter; a careful blending of basic theory, numerical verification (using MATLAB) and illustration of the actual circuit behaviour using circuit simulation program (SPICE); illustration of few design cases using CMOS and BiCMOS technological processes.

Table of Contents:
Preface XV Abbreviations XIX 1 Introduction 1 2 A Review of Network Analysis Techniques 7 2.1 Transformed Impedances 7 2.2 Nodal Analysis 9 2.3 Loop (Mesh) Analysis 9 2.4 Network Functions 11 2.5 One-Port and Two-Port Networks 12 2.6 Indefinite Admittance Matrix 18 2.7 Analysis of Constrained Networks 24 2.8 Active Building Blocks for Implementing Analog Filters 28 3 Network Theorems and Approximation of Filter Functions 41 3.1 Impedance Scaling 41 3.2 Impedance Transformation 42 3.3 Dual and Inverse Networks 44 3.4 Reversed Networks 47 3.5 Transposed Network 48 3.6 Applications to Terminated Networks 50 3.7 Frequency Scaling 52 3.8 Types of Filters 52 3.9 Magnitude Approximation 54 3.10 Frequency Transformations 69 3.11 Phase Approximation 73 3.12 Delay Equalizers 77 4 Basics of Passive Filter Design 83 4.1 Singly Terminated Networks 83 4.2 Some Properties of Reactance Functions 85 4.3 Singly Terminated Ladder Filters 88 4.4 Doubly Terminated LC Ladder Realization 92 5 Second-Order Active-RC Filters 103 5.1 Some Basic Building Blocks using an OA 104 5.2 Standard Biquadratic Filters or Biquads 104 5.3 Realization of Single-Amplifier Biquadratic Filters 109 5.4 Positive Gain SAB Filters (Sallen and Key Structures) 111 5.5 Infinite-Gain Multiple Feedback SAB Filters 115 5.6 Infinite-Gain Multiple Voltage Amplifier Biquad Filters 117 5.7 Sensitivity 124 5.8 Effect of Frequency-Dependent Gain of the OA on the Filter Performance 130 5.9 Second-Order Filter Realization Using Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) 135 5.10 Technological Implementation Considerations 140 6 Switched-Capacitor Filters 161 6.1 Switched C and R Equivalence 162 6.2 Discrete-Time and Frequency Domain Characterization 163 6.3 Bilinear s <-> z Transformation 169 6.4 Parasitic-Insensitive Structures 173 6.5 Analysis of SC Networks Using PI-SC Integrators 177 6.6 Analysis of SC Networks Using Network Simulation Tools 184 6.7 Design of SC Biquadratic Filters 187 6.8 Modular Approach toward Implementation of Second-Order Filters 191 6.9 SC Filter Realization Using Unity-Gain Amplifiers 199 7 Higher-Order Active Filters 207 7.1 Component Simulation Technique 207 7.2 Operational Simulation Technique for High-Order Active RC Filters 217 7.3 Cascade Technique for High-Order Active Filter Implementation 225 7.4 Multiloop Feedback (and Feed-Forward) System 229 7.5 High-Order Filters Using Operational Transconductance Amplifiers 239 7.6 High-Order Filters Using Switched-Capacitor (SC) Networks 245 8 Current-Mode Filters 255 8.1 Basic Operations in Current-Mode 255 8.2 Current Conveyors in Current-Mode Signal Processing 264 8.3 Current-Mode Filters Derived from Voltage-Mode Structures 267 8.4 Transformation of a VM Circuit to a CM Circuit Using the Generalized Dual 269 8.5 Transformation of VM Circuits to CM Circuits Using Transposition 271 8.6 Derivation of CTF Structures Employing Infinite-Gain Single-Ended OAs 279 8.7 Switched-Current Techniques 285 8.8 Switched-Current Filters 291 9 Implementation of Analog Integrated Circuit Filters 299 9.1 Active Devices for Analog IC Filters 300 9.2 Passive Devices for IC Filters 300 9.3 Preferred Architecture for IC Filters 303 9.4 Examples of Integrated Circuit Filters 314 Practice Problems 323 Appendices 325 Appendix A 327 A.1 Denominator Polynomial D(s) for the Butterworth Filter Function of Order n, with Passband from 0 to 1 rad s-1 327 A.2 Denominator Polynomial D(s) for the Chebyshev Filter Function of Order n, with Passband from 0 to 1 rad s-1 328 A.3 Denominator Polynomial D(s) for the Bessel Thomson Filter Function of Order n 328 A.4 Transfer Functions for Several Second-, Third-, and Fourth-Order Elliptic Filters 330 Appendix B 333 B.1 Bessel Thomson Filter Magnitude Error Calculations (MATLAB Program) 333 B.2 Bessel Thomson Filter Delay Error Calculations (MATLAB Program) 334 Appendix C 337 C.1 Element Values for All-Pole Single-Resistance-Terminated Low-Pass Lossless Ladder Filters 337 C.2 Element Values for All-Pole Double-Resistance-Terminated Low-Pass Lossless Ladder Filters 337 C.3 Element Values for Elliptic Double-Resistance-Terminated Low-Pass Lossless Ladder Filters 340 References 345 Index 351

About the Author :
Rabindranath Raut obtained his M.Tech. degree in radiophysics and electronics from the University of Kolkata, India, in 1968, and his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, in 1984. While in India, he worked as an electronics engineer (1968-1972) at the Indian Space Research Organization, and as a lecturer (1972-1978) in the Indian Institute of Technology. From 1983 to 1991, he worked as a senior radio-frequency electronic circuit and senior radio-frequency integrated circuit design engineer in various organizations in Canada. In 1991, Dr. Raut joined the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Concordia University, where he still teaches. He has published numerous articles in various international journals and conference proceedings. He is a senior member of the IEEE (USA), and a licensed professional engineer in the provinces of Quebec (OIQ) and Ontario (PEO), Canada. Dr. Raut?s teaching and research interests lie in the areas of electronics and analog VLSI, with a specialization in analog filters and radio frequency circuits and systems. M.N.S. Swamy received his Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Saskatchewan, Canada, in 1963. He is presently a Research Professor and the Director of the Center for Signal Processing and Communications in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Concordia University, Montreal, Canada, where he served as the Founding Chair of the Department of Electrical Engineering from 1970 to 1977, and Dean of Engineering and Computer Science from 1977 to 1993. Since 2001, he has been holding the Concordia Research Chair in Signal Processing. Dr. Swamy has also taught in the Electrical Engineering Department of the Technical University of Nova Scotia, Halifax, and the University of Calgary, as well as in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Saskatchewan. He is the author or co-author of many articles and several books, and a Fellow of many societies including the IEEE , the IET (UK) and the EIC (Canada). He is the recipient of many awards including the IEEE-CAS Society education Medal, Golden Jubilee Medal, and the Guillemin-Cauer best paper award. He was the president of the CAS-Society in 2004 and Editor-in Chief of the IEEE transactions on Circuits and Systems during 1999-2001. Recently, he was awarded the title of Honorary Professor by the National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.