Linear Beam Optics in Accelerators: Classical and Quantum Aspects

This first rigorous quantum treatment of charged particle beams in accelerators describes the design of a number of common passive and active accelerator components. In addition, different types of ion sources are characterized in terms of beam emittance, currents and profiles. To give beginners in the field a good understanding of the techniques involved, field computational analysis of real beam components is demonstrated using standard beam optics and field computational codes and the transfer matrix approach is used to calculate design parameters of beam optical components. Data and geometry files supporting these examples are available as supplementary material online. The students' grasp of these theoretical and numerical methods is reinforced by specific problem sections, with a solutions manual also available online. The final step - applying the tools learned from earlier chapters to actual hardware design - is supported by discussions of practical difficulties usually encountered in real world situations. Finally, the book presents a quantum theory of charged particle beam optics, which was developed as recently as the past few decades and only available in the research literature until now.

Table of Contents:
Preface 1 Basic Principles of Particle Accelerators 1.1 History of Accelerators 1.2 Units in Accelerator Physics 1.3 Common Components of Accelerators 1.4 Electrostatic Accelerators 1.5 Cyclotrons 1.6 Betatrons 1.7 Synchrotons 1.8 Synchrocyclotrons 1.9 Storage Rings 1.10 FFAG Accelerators 1.11 Wakefield Accelerators 1.12 Colliders Problems 2 Ion Sources 2.1 Plasma Physics in Ion Sources 2.2 Negative Ion Sources 2.2.1 Sputter Ion Sources 2.2.2 Charge Exchange Ion Sources 2.3 Positive Ion Sources 2.3.1 Penning Ion Sources 2.3.2 Duoplasmatrons 2.3.3 Microwave Ion Sources 2.3.4 ECR Ion Sources 2.3.5 Laser Ion Sources 2.3.6 Vacuum Arc Ion Sources 2.3.7 High Current Gaseous Ion Sources 2.4 Sources in Colliders 2.4.1 Electron Sources 2.4.2 Positron Sources 2.4.3 Proton Sources 2.4.4 Antiproton Sources Problems 3. Beam Optics 3.1 Phase Space 3.2 Liouville's Theorem 3.3 Hill's Equations 3.4 Emittance and Brightness 3.5 Transfer Matrix 3.6 Transverse Beam Dynamics 3.7 Longitudinal Beam Dynamics 3.8 Nonlinear effects Problems 4. Magnetostatic Devices 4.1 Motion of a Charged Particle in a Magnetic Field 4.2 Solenoid Magnets 4.3 Dipole Magnets 4.3.1 Achromatic Magnets 4.3.2 Corrector Magnets 4.3.3 Septa and Kicker Magnets 4.3.4 Scanner Magnets 4.4 Quadrupole Magnets 4.4.1 Quadrupole Doublets 4.4.2 Quadrupole Triplets 4.4.3 FODO Lattice 4.5 Steerer Magnets 4.6 Wien Filter 4.7 Undulators and Wigglers Problems 5. Electrostatic Devices 5.1 Motion of a Charged Particle in an Electric Field 5.2 Electrostatic Gap Lens 5.3 Einzel Lens 5.4 Electrostatic Dipoles 5.5 Electrostatic Quadrupoles 5.6 Electrostatic Accelerating Tubes with High Voltage Deck Problems 6. Radio Frequency Devices 6.1 Effect of an RF field on a Charged Particle 6.2 RF Gap 6.3 RF Bunchers 6.4 RF Choppers 6.4 Multiharmonic Buncher 6.5 RF Accelerating Cavities 6.5.1 Radiofrequency Quadrupoles 6.5.2 Drift Tube Linacs 6.5.3 Superconducting Linacs Problems 7. Beam Diagnostic Devices 7.1 Faraday Cups 7.2 Beam Profile Monitors 7.3 Transverse Slits 7.4 Transverse Emittance Measurements 7.5 Longitudinal Emittance Measurements Problems 8. Applications of Accelerators 8.1 Nuclear Physics 8.2 Materials Sciences 8.3 Atomic Physics 8.4 Plasma Physics 8.5 Radiation Biology 8.6 Accelerator Mass Spectroscopy 8.7 Elementary Particle Physics Problems 9. Quantum Theory of Charged-Particle Optics: General Formalism 9.1 Classical Theory of Charged-Particle Optics: Hamiltonian Formalism 9.2 Basic Principles of Quantum Mechanics 9.3 Quantum Mechanics of Charged-Particle Optics: General Formalism Problems 10. Quantum Theory of Non-relativistic Charged-Particle Optics 10.1 Magnetic Optical Elements 10.2 Electrostatic Optical Elements 10.3 Applications: 10.3.1 Nonrelativistic Ion Accelerator 10.3.2 Image Formation in Electron Microscopy Problems 11. Quantum Theory of Relativistic Charged-Particle Optics 11.1 Optical Elements of High Energy Accelerators 11.2 Beam Optics of Charged Spinless Particles Based on the Klein-Gordan Equation 11.3 Beam Optics of Charged Spin-1/2 Particles Based on the Dirac Equation Problems 12. Other Quantum Aspects of Accelerator Beam Physics 12.1 Quantum Field Theory: A Brief Summary 12.2 Some Beam Physics Phenomena Involving Quantum Mechanics: 12.2.1 Synchrotron Radiation 12.2.2 Free Electron Lasers 12.2.3 Beamstrahlung 12.2.4 Sokolov-Ternov Effect and Beam Polarization Problems Appendices Solutions to Chapter Problems Index

About the Author :
Sarvesh KUMAR is working as a young scientist in the Beam Transport laboratory at the Inter University Accelerator Centre (IUAC), New Delhi. He is extensively involved in beam dynamics simulations and beam optical components designing for the Low Energy Ion Beam facility (LEIBF) and the High Current Injector (HCI) facility based upon normal and superconducting electron resonance ion sources respectively. He has obtained his bachelor and master degrees in physics from Kurukshetra University, Haryana. His expertise include real time ion beam tuning in LEIBF and the main accelerator of IUAC, PELLETRON. He has been awarded first prize in national conferences like InPAC and is a member of Particle Accelerator Society of India (PASI). Ramaswamy JAGANNATHAN, born in 1949, got his BSc and MSc in Physics in 1969 and 1971 from the University of Madras and his PhD in theoretical physics from the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (IMSc), Chennai, in 1976. After being a lecturer in physics for three years in St. Joseph's college, Tiruchy, Jagannathan joined the IMSc as assistant professor of physics in 1980 and retired as senior professor in 2009. He is currently adjunct professor of physics at the Chennai Mathematical Institute (CMI). His main field of research interest is mathematical physics, in particular, quantum theory, classical and quantum Groups, and nonlinear dynamics.