Advanced textile materials and intelligent fabric systems for emerging applications
Technical textiles now deliver functional properties ranging from fire resistance and water repellency to personalized thermal comfort, yet the field lacks a unified treatment spanning both technical and smart textile domains. Technical Textiles and Smart Textiles: Materials, Technologies, and Applications, edited by a team of textile chemistry and engineering researchers from leading Indian institutions, provides that integrated coverage across materials, manufacturing, and application areas.
The book is organized in three parts. Part one covers advanced materials, manufacturing techniques, coloration developments, finishing, coating, and protective and performance textiles with applications in medical, healthcare, and automotive sectors. Part two addresses smart textile materials and their applications in wearable devices and energy harvesting. Part three examines design, sustainability, and future directions.
Readers will also find:
- Detailed case studies and real-world examples from industry leaders illustrating practical implementations of technical and smart textile solutions
- Coverage of microencapsulation technology, functional finishes, and sustainable dyeing methods applied to advanced textile substrates and fabric systems
- Analysis of wearable device integration and energy harvesting textile architectures for next-generation intelligent fabric applications across multiple sectors
- Discussion of protective textile systems addressing fire resistance, water repellency, and bulletproof capabilities for specialized performance environments
- Examination of sustainability frameworks and future research directions shaping the evolution of both technical and smart textile fields
Designed for materials scientists, textile engineers, electronics engineers, and industry professionals, this reference connects advanced textile science with applied engineering across medical, automotive, energy, and wearable technology domains. It serves as a structured resource for researchers and practitioners navigating the convergence of technical and smart textile systems.
Table of Contents:
Preface xix
Part 1 Technical Textiles 1
1 Introduction to Technical Textiles 3
Mayuri Srivastava, Chandra Jeet Singh, Pushpapraj Singh, Bipin Kumar, and S. Wazed Ali
1.1 Overview 3
1.2 Definition of Technical Textiles 3
1.3 Historical Development 4
1.4 Characteristics of Technical Textiles 4
1.5 Materials and Manufacturing of Technical Textiles 4
1.6 Applications of Technical Textiles 8
1.7 Market Growth and Economic Significance 11
1.8 Challenges and Future Directions 12
1.9 Conclusion 13
2 Advanced Materials and Their Application in Technical Textiles 17
Ajit Kumar Pattanaik, Amit Madhu, Nagender Singh
2.1 Introduction 17
2.2 High-performance Fibers in Technical Textiles: Classification and Applications 18
2.3 Stimuli-responsive and Functional Materials (Smart Textures) 23
2.4 Nanomaterials and Multifunctional Integration 28
2.5 Innovation Frontier in Aerospace Applications 30
2.6 Advancement in Defense and Security Systems 32
2.7 Environmental Remediation and Sustainable Engineering 34
2.8 Strategic Challenges, Market Dynamics, and Future Directions 36
2.9 Conclusions and Strategic Outlook 38
3 Advanced Manufacturing Techniques for Technical Textiles 41
Nabo Kumar Barman, Krishnasamy Jagatheesan, and Purvi Mistry
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Electrospinning Process 41
3.3 3D Weaving Process 53
3.4 3D Knitting Process 64viii Contents
3.5 Advanced Nonwovens 70
4 Recent Developments and Advancements in Technical Textiles Coloration, Finishing, and Coatings 87
Shriyasha Tari, Binny Bipasha Das, and Ashok Athalye
4.1 Introduction 87
4.2 Buildtech 88
4.3 Clothtech 93
4.4 Geotech 94
4.5 Hometech 96
4.6 Indutech 99
4.7 Medtech 103
4.8 Mobiltech 105
4.9 Oekotech 108
4.10 Coloration as a Functional Tool in Oekotech 109
4.11 Packtech 110
4.12 Protech 112
4.13 Sportech 115
5 Protective and Performance Textiles and Their Development and Advancements 125
Shankar Lal Sharma, Lalit Jajpura, and Mukesh Bajya
5.1 Introduction 125
5.2 Classification of Personal Protective Textiles 129
5.3 Fire-resistant Protection 135
5.4 Ballistic Protective Textiles 142
5.5 Extreme Cold- and Hot-weather Protection 147
5.6 Conclusion 152
6 Technical Textiles for Medical and Healthcare Applications 161
Ashish Hooda, Neetu Rani, and Abhilasha Rangi
6.1 Introduction 161
6.2 Classification of Medical Textiles 164
6.3 Fibers Used in Medical Textiles 166
6.4 Fabrication Technologies 168
6.5 Applications in Wound Care and Healing 171
6.6 Implants and Tissue Engineering Scaffolds 173
6.7 Healthcare and Hygiene Textiles 175
6.8 Case Studies 176
6.9 Standards, Regulations, and Testing Protocols 178
6.10 Future Trends and Challenges 179xii Contents
6.11 Conclusion 181
7 Technical Textiles for Automotive Applications 187
Jaya Sharma, Shivangi Shukla, G.V. Ramana, and B.K. Behera
7.1 Introduction 187
7.2 Manufacturing Technologies, Applications, and Economic Considerations 189
7.3 Utilization of FRP Composite Materials in the Automotive Industry 194
7.4 Safety Measures 198
7.5 Latest Advancement in Automotive 205
7.6 Innovations and Future Trends 207
7.7 Challenges and Future Prospects 207
7.8 Conclusion 208
8 Technical Textiles in Aerospace and Defense Applications 219
Shelly Khanna and Manisha Yadav
8.1 Introduction 219
8.2 Aeronautical and Space Textiles 220
8.3 Defense Clothing 227
8.4 Conclusion 234
Part 2 Smart Textiles 239
9 Introduction to Smart Textiles 241
Ankur Shukla, Priyanka Gupta, Anilkumar Yadav, and Ashish Bhardwaj
9.1 Introduction 241
9.2 Classification and Application of Smart Textiles 243
9.3 Key Technologies for Smart Textile 244
9.4 Summary 251
10 Advanced Materials and Their Application in Smart Textiles 255
Hema Garg, Viraj Uttamrao Somkuwar, and Bipin Kumar
10.1 Introduction 255
10.2 Fundamentals of Advanced Materials in Textiles 259
10.3 Challenges and Future Directions 272
10.4 Conclusion 274
11 Smart Textiles for Wearable Technology 279
Abera Demeke Ambaye, Melaku Dereje Mamo, Awoke Berihun Muche, Seshibe Makgato, and Touhami Mokrani
11.1 Introduction 280
11.2 Classification of Smart Textiles 282
11.3 Additional Classifications of Smart Textiles 285
11.4 Integration of Smart Textiles in Wearable Devices 287
11.5 Applications of Smart Textiles in Wearable Technology 293
11.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 297
12 Smart Textiles for Heat and Energy Harvesting 307
M. Amarnath and Shital Palaskar
12.1 Introduction 307
12.2 Energy-harvesting Smart Textiles 308
12.3 Mechanism of Thermoelectric Operation and Conversion 308
12.4 Triboelectric Fibers for Energy Harvesting 315
12.5 Photovoltaic Fibers for Energy Harvesting 317
12.6 Thermoelectric Textiles for Heat and Energy Generation 320
12.7 Thermoelectric and Piezoelectric Textile Materials 322
12.8 Conclusion 325
13 Introduction to Textile-based Smart Components 333
Abdella Simegnaw Ahmmed, Melkie Getenet Tadesse and Saminathan Ratnapandian
13.1 Introduction 333
13.2 Recent Advancements in Textile-based Smart Components 335
13.3 Manufacturing Approaches and Integration Techniques of Wearable Textile Electronics 340
13.4 Design and Functionality of Smart Textiles 348
13.5 Future Directions and Opportunities 369
14 Recent Developments and Advancements in Textiles-based Smart Components 391
Blesson Tom Mathew, Aditya Bhandari, and Archana Samanta
14.1 Introduction 391
14.2 Types of Smart Textile Components 395
14.3 Integration Technologies 398
14.4 Recent Developments in Textile-based Smart Components 400
14.5 Manufacturing and Scalability Challenges 406
14.6 Future Trends and Directions 409
14.7 Conclusion 410xvi Contents
Part 3 Design, Sustainability, and Future Directions 421
15 Garment Technology: Design and Development of Electronic Textile-based Smart Garments 423
Rashmi Thakur
15.1 Introduction 423
15.2 Integration Techniques for Electronic Textiles 424
15.3 Design Methodologies for E-textile–based Smart Garments 443
15.4 Case Studies and Prototypes 448
15.5 Design Challenges 451
15.6 Conclusion 451
16 Sustainability Requirements of Technical and Smart Products 457
Manisha Yadav, Sanjay Kumar Bhikari Charan Panda, and Amandeep Kaur
16.1 Introduction 457
16.2 Defining Sustainability in Technical and Smart Textiles 458
16.3 Key Sustainability Requirements for Technical and Smart Textiles 459
16.4 Circular Economy and End-of-life Solutions 464
16.5 Ethical Labor Practices and Fair Trade 466
16.6 Innovation in Smart Textiles and Sustainability 468
16.7 Consumer Expectations and the Role of Education 469
16.8 Challenges to Achieving Sustainability in Smart Textiles 470
16.9 Case Studies of Sustainable Technical and Smart Textiles 472
16.10 Future Trends and Innovations in Sustainable Smart Textiles 475
16.11 Conclusion 476
17 Smart Combat Uniforms using Artificial Intelligence 481
Akhil Kaushik, Satvika, Ritu Yadav, and Anil Yadav
17.1 Introduction 481
17.2 Literature Review 486
17.3 Proposed Methodology 491
17.4 Results and Discussion 494
17.5 Conclusion and Future Scope 495
18 Innovative Pneumatic (Inflatable) Façades for High-rise Structures: Designing with AI for Future Technical and Smart Textiles 499
Didem Güneþ Yýlmaz and Yasemin Bal
18.1 Introduction 499
18.2 Development of Textile Architecture as Pneumatic Structures 500
18.3 Usage Scenarios of Pneumatic Structure on High-rise Building Facades 516
18.4 Conclusion 521
Index 527
About the Author :
Nagender Singh, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in Fashion and Apparel Engineering at The Technological Institute of Textile and Sciences, Bhiwani. He completed his Ph.D. in Textile Chemistry from IIT Delhi, specializing in microencapsulation technology, functional textile finishes, sustainable dyeing, and smart textiles.
Amit Madhu, PhD, is an Assistant Professor in Textile Chemistry at The Technological Institute of Textile & Sciences, Bhiwani, with over 12 years of academic experience. His research focuses on sustainable textile chemical processing, enzyme applications in textiles, and treating biological dye effluents.
Javed Nabibaksha Sheikh, PhD, is an Associate Professor in Textile and Fibre Engineering at IIT Delhi and a Fellow of the Society of Dyers and Colourists (U.K.). He has industry experience with Auro Textiles, Pidilite, and Rossari Biotech Limited.
