Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care

No other hospital department cares for patients as diverse as those who come to the Emergency Department (ED). These patients encompass all stages and positions of life and health. Many belong to distinct minority cultures defined by the patient's sexual orientation and gender identity, disability, spirituality, language, race, and ethnicity. It has been well documented that minorities experience inadequate emergency treatment and face poorer healthcare outcomes. Furthermore, research has established that the elderly, ethnic minorities, the poor, and persons with Medicaid coverage are more likely than other people to utilize the emergency department rather than primary care services. With the passage of the Affordable Care Act, particularly the Medicaid expansion, EDs across the United States are poised to care for an unprecedented number of underserved minorities. The need to equip emergency healthcare professionals to practice medicine that is culturally competent in the broadest possible sense has never been greater. Diversity and Inclusion in Quality Patient Care aims to fill this need.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Defining Diversity in Quality Care Marc A. Nivet, EdD, MBA and Malika Fair, MD, MPH Chapter 2 Racial/Ethnic Healthcare Disparities and Inequities: Historical Perspectives Savoy Brummer MD, FACEP, Iris Reyes, MD, Marcus L. Martin, MD, Leslie Uldine Walker, BA, and Sheryl L. Heron, MD MPH Chapter 3 Educating Medical Professionals to Deliver Quality Health Care to Diverse Patient Populations Marcus L. Martin, MD, Sheryl L. Heron, MD, MPH, Lisa Moreno-Walton, MD, MS, MSCR, Leslie Uldine Walker, BA, Anna Walker Jones, BA Chapter 4 Culturally Competent Faculty Georges Ramalanjaona, MD, DSc, MBA and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 5 Culturally Sensitive Care: A Review of Models & Educational Methods Antoine Leflore, MD, Susan Sawning, MSSW, Cherri Hobgood, BA, MD Chapter 6 Interpreter Services Yu-Feng Yvonne Chan, MD, Kumar Alagappan, MD, FACEP, FAAEM, FIFEM, Saadiyah Bilal, MD, Jan Hargrave, BS, MS, Suzanne Bentley, MD, MPH, and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 7 The Patient-Physician Clinical Encounter Thea James, MD Chapter 8 Spiritual Care Services in Emergency Medicine Mildred M. Best, MDiv, MSS, BCC, Swami Sarvaananda PhD, BCC, Jamela M. Martin, MS, BSN, PhD, Pamela Gayle White and Marcus L. Martin, M D Chapter 9 Lesbian, Gay, or Bisexual (LGB): Caring with Quality and Compassion Joel Moll, MD and Paul Krieger, MD Chapter 10 Culturally Competent Care of the Transgender Patient Brandy Panunti, MD Chapter 11 Looking Past Labels: Effective Care of the Psychiatric Patient Leslie S. Zun, MD, MBA and John S. Rozel, MD, MSL Chapter 12 Disability and Access Anne Beth Smith, MBChB, FCEM(SA), Mmed Chapter 13 Racial and Ethnic Disparities in the Emergency Department: A Public Health Perspective Edward Stettner, MD, Leon L. Haley Jr., MD, MHSA, CPE, and Sheryl L. Heron, MD, MPH Chapter 14 Vulnerable Populations: The Homeless and Incarcerated Ava Pierce, MD Chapter 15 Vulnerable Populations: The Elderly Anne Beth Smith, MBChB, FCEM(SA), Mmed Chapter 16 Vulnerable Populations: Children Kevin L. Ferguson, MD, FACEP, John S. Misdary, MD, FACEP, Alex R. Diaz, BS, OMS-4, and Darcy Mainville, BS, MS-4 Chapter 17 Religio-cultural Consideration When Providing Healthcare to American Muslims Ugo A. Ezenkwele, MD, MPH, Gholamreza Sadeghipour Roodsari, MD, MPH, and Aasim I. Padela, MD, MSc Chapter 18 Disparities an d Diver sity in Biomedical Research Lynne Holden, MD and Lynne D. Richardson, MD Section II: Case Studies Chapter 19 Cultural Competency Case Studies: Transitional Introduction Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 20 Case 1: African-American Infant and Family Sheryl L. Heron, MD, MPH, Lynne D. Richardson, MD Chapter 21 Case 2: Cambodian Refugee Erika Phindile Chowa, BA, MD and Christian Arbelaez, MD, MPH Chapter 22 Case 3: Sickle Cell Crisis Bernard L. Lopez, MD, MS, Heather Hollowell Davis, MD, Traci R. Trice, MD, Leigh-Ann Jones Webb, MD and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 23 Case 4: Mongolian Spots Heather Hollowell Davis, MD, Leigh-Ann Jones Webb, MD and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 24 Case 5: Death Disclosure Tammie E. Quest, MD Chapter 25 Case 6: Coin Rubbing Matthew M. Leonard, MD, Bryant Cameron Webb, MD, JD, Adetolu Olufunmilayo Oyewo, MD, and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 26 Case 7: Toxic Ingestion Claire U. Plautz, MD and Marcus L. Martin, MD Chapter 27 Case 8: Adolescent Indian Male Sikh Sybil Zachariah, MD and Swaminatha V. Mahadevan, MD Chapter 28 Case 9: Intimate Partner Violence in the Gay Community Simiao L i, MD, MS, Jason Liebzeit, MD and Michael A. Gisondi, MD Chapter 29 Case 10: West Indian/Caribbean Heather M. Prendergast, MD, MS, MPH Chapter 30 Case 11: American Indian Diane Rimple, MD Chapter 31 Case 12: Spiritualism in the Latino Community Lisa Moreno-Walton MD, MS, MSCR, Marcus L. Martin MD, Leslie Uldine Walker, BA, Ruth E. Wong-Perez, MD, and Janene Hecker Klein, MD Chapter 32 Case 13: Islamic Patient Tareq A. Al-Salamah, MBBS, MPH and Lisa Moreno-Walton, MD, MS, MSCR Chapter 33 Case 14: Pediatric Pain Kevin L. Ferguson, MD, FACEP and Alex R. Diaz, BS, OMS-4

About the Author :
Editors: Marcus L. Martin, MD Vice President and Chief Officer for Diversity and Equity Professor of Emergency Medicine University of Virginia School of Medicine Department of Emergency Medicine Charlottesville, VA, USA Sheryl Heron, MD, MPH Professor of Emergency Medicine Vice Chair – Administrative Affairs Assistant Dean Clinical Education & Student Affairs Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta, GA, USA Lisa Moreno-Walton, MD, MS, MSCR Professor of Emergency Medicine Director of Emergency Medicine Research Director of Diversity in Emergency Medicine Department of Medicine, Section of Emergency Medicine Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center- New Orleans New Orleans, LA, USA Managing Editor: Anna Walker Jones, BA Charlottesville, VA, USA