Experimental Research Methods in Orthopedics and Trauma

Covering all state-of-the-art experimental research methods in orthopedic surgery and trauma From bioinformatics to nanotechnology, advances in basic research ultimately drive advances in clinical care. This book provides a comprehensive summary of all current research methodologies for translational and pre-clinical studies in biomechanics and orthopedic trauma surgery. With this "roadmap" at hand, specialists and trainees will have the tools to conduct high-quality experimental research in any area of musculoskeletal science, with a solid understanding of how the findings can be applied in patient care. Special Features: Utilizes the principles and methodology of modern, evidence-based medicine in pre-clinical musculoskeletal research Offers a comprehensive analysis of in vivo models for studying different components of the musculoskeletal system Demonstrates how principles of structural, functional, and numerical biomechanics can be utilized in well-defined experimental research studies – spanning topics from fracture fixation to gait analysis to bone remodeling Covers the role of new macroscopic CT and ultrasound imaging techniques for assessing bone and cartilage function Explores cutting-edge developments in cell culture research, molecular testing, and tissue engineering Provides practical advice, a glossary of key terminology, and hundreds of illustrations to familiarize clinicians with every aspect of designing and interpreting an effective research study With 54 state-of-the-art chapters by orthopedic surgeons, musculoskeletal physicians, biologists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians, Experimental Research Methods in Orthopedics and Trauma is the authoritative reference on the topic. It is essential for clinicians, basic researchers, and orthopedic surgical trainees who need to understand experimental research methodology, apply its findings, and participate fully in research activities.

Table of Contents:
Part 1 Why Do We Need Experimental Research? 1 Evidence-Based Research 2 Establishing a Basic Research Facility in Orthopedic Surgery 3 Good Laboratory Practice and Quality Control 4 How to Prepare for a Period in Research Part 2 Structural Biomechanics 5 Physiological Boundary Conditions for Mechanical Testing 6 Static, Dynamic, and Fatigue Mechanical Testing 7 Use of Human and Animal Specimens in Biomechanical Testing 8 Whole Bone Biomechanics 9 Biomechanics of Trabecular and Cortical Bone 10 Biomechanics of Fracture Fixation 11 Biomechanical Assessment of Fracture Repair 12 Biomechanics of Cartilage 13 Biomechanics of Joints 14 Spine Biomechanics Part 3 Functional Biomechanics 15 Musculokeletal Dynamics 16 Measurement Techniques 17 Clinical Assessment of Function 18 Functional Biomechanics with Cadaver Specimens Part 4 Numerical Biomechanics 19 Inverse Dynamics 20 Principles of Finite Elements Analysis 21 Validation of Finite Element Models 22 Computational Biomechanics of Bone 23 Numerical Simulation of Implants and Prosthetic Devices 24 Numerical Simulation of Fracture Healing and Bone Remodelling Part 5 Imaging 25 Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging of Bone Tissue 26 Imaging Bone 27 Ultrasound Techniques for Imaging Bone 28 In Vivo Scanning 29 Imaging of Cartilage Function 30 Histochemistry Bone and Cartilage 31 Immunohistochemistry 32 Molecular Imaging In Situ Hybridization 33 Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Laser Microdissection 34 Image Analysis Histomorphometry Stereology Part 6 Cellular Studies 35 Cell Culture Research 36 Cartilage Explants and Organ Culture Models 37 Fluid Flow and Strain in Bone 38 Biomechanics of Bone Cells Part 7 Molecular Techniques in Bone Repair 39 Molecular Testing 40 Genetically Modified Models for Bone Repair Part 8 In Vivo Models 41 General Considerations for an In Vivo Model 42 Animal Models for Bone Healing 43 Models for Impaired Healing 44 In Vivo Models for Bone and Joint Infections 45 In Vivo Models for Articular Cartilage Repair 46 In Vivo Soft Tissue Models Part 9 Tissue Engineering 47 Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering and Materials for Repair 48 Use of Growth Factors in Musculoskeletal Research 49 Stem Cells for Musculoskeletal Repair 50 Biological Evaluation and Testing of Medical Devices Part 10 Statistics for Experimental Research 51 Study Design 52 Power and Sample Size Calculation 53 Nonparametric versus Parametric Tests 54 How to Limit Bias in Experimental Research