Physician Workforce Diversity: Trends, Barriers, and Solutions

This book offers a comprehensive summary of the current and historical trends in physician workforce diversity by residency training specialty and demographic identity group. This book serves as a one-stop source for physician workforce diversity from the perspective of training specialties, summarizing trends over time, historical barriers, and specialty specific interventions and solutions. Chapters provide a necessary foundational resource for medical educators seeking to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in their programs and programming. It similarly supports health system and organizational leaders in understanding the current and historical landscape of DEI across medical specialties and demographic groups to inform their interventions and initiatives in an evidence-based manner. The book is divided into two sections: training specialties and demographic identity groups. In the first section, DEI within several of the largest medical residency training specialties is explored. In the second section, the representation trends of various demographic identity groups, including women and individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups, and deaf and disabled individuals, are discussed, as well as barriers and solutions to improving representation, equity, and inclusion. Each chapter will follow the same format: Relevant specialty- or demographic-specific literature is reviewed, discussing the rationale for workforce diversity and inclusion in that specialty or demographic identity group. Current data by race, ethnicity, sex, and other available demographics is discussed for various trainee and practicing physician categories across the training and professional continuum, such as practicing physicians, academic faculty, graduate medical education residents and fellows, residency applicants, and medical school graduates. Historical demographic trends are assessed over time. This is followed by a thorough discussion of specialty or demographic-specific strengths and weaknesses to DEI and related barriers, impediments, and interventions and solutions. This is an ideal guide for medical educators, department chairs in academia and private/community practice, health system leaders, healthcare organization board members and executive leaders, diversity thought leaders, search committees, and medical students and trainees, especially during their specialty selection process.

Table of Contents:
Introduction - The State of Physician Workforce Diversity in Graduate Medical Education Across the Largest Training Residency Specialties.- Part I: By Residency Training Speciality.- Internal Medicine.- Emergency Medicine.- Pathology.- Diagnostic Radiology.- Interventional Radiology.- Radiation Oncology.- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.- Anesthesiology.- Dermatology.- Ophthalmology.- Orthopedic Surgery.- Otolaryngology.- Neurological Surgery.- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.- Vascular Surgery.- Part 2 - By Demographic Group .-  Representation of Women in the US Physician Workforce.- Representation of Black Physicians.-  Hispanic/Latinx Representation in the US Physician Workforce.- American Indian and Alaska Native.-  Native Hawaiian and Other Pacific Islanders.- Asian Representation in the US Physician Workforce.- Representation of Sexual and Gender Minorities in the US Physician Workforce.- International Medical Graduate Representation in the US Physician Workforce.- First-Generation and/or Low-Income (FGLI) Physicians.- Deaf and Disabled populations.- Military Physician Workforce Diversity.

About the Author :
Dr. Curtiland Deville is an Associate Professor in the Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He is a graduate of Brown University’s combined undergraduate and graduate Program in Liberal Medical Education (PLME) and a past Doris Duke Clinical Research Fellow at the Yale Cancer Center. He completed his transitional year internship in internal medicine at Medstar Harbor Hospital Center in Baltimore, Maryland, and residency in radiation oncology at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, where he joined the junior faculty as an Assistant Professor and served as clinical Chief of the Genitourinary (GU) and Sarcoma Services in the Department of Radiation Oncology and Roberts Proton Therapy Center. He serves as Medical Director of the Johns Hopkins Proton Therapy Center and Clinical Director of the Department of Radiation Oncology at Sibley Memorial Hospital, Johns Hopkins Medicine. Dr. Deville’s clinical expertise involves treating patients with prostate cancer and soft tissue sarcoma. His funded clinical research interests include improving tumor targeting and assessing the toxicity profiles using modern radiation techniques such as proton and photon therapy. He has evaluated the implementation of proton therapy for novel indications such as whole pelvis and post-prostatectomy therapy, pencil beam scanning, and robustness evaluations. He has co-authored over 170 peer-reviewed publications, including the first experience and outcomes in the world on the use of proton therapy for post-operative prostate cancer. He serves as Deputy Editor for the International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics. Dr. Deville also has a research interest in physician workforce diversity as a means to addressing health equity, particularly in specialties with disparities in the representation of women, individuals from racial and ethnic minority groups that are historically underrepresented in medicine (UIM), and other marginalized demographic identities. He is a leading voice in health equity, diversity, and inclusion in Radiation Oncology since co-authoring the first publication in the field dedicated to workforce diversity over a decade ago. He is a past Chair of the American Society for Radiation Oncology’s (ASTRO) Committee on Health Equity, Diversity and Inclusion and a past Chair of the American Society for Clinical Oncology’s (ASCO) Diversity in Oncology Subcommittee, managing both of their pathway programs for UIM students and trainees. He was recently elected to the ASTRO Board of Directors and spearheaded the formation of the Council on Health Equity, Diversity & Inclusion.