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L'Enigme Du Don

L'Enigme Du Don


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About the Book

Pourquoi doit-on donner, pourquoi doit-on accepter ce que l'on vous donne, et, quand on a accepte, pourquoi faut-il rendre?

Cet ouvrage evalue le role et l'importance du don dans le fonctionnement des societes et dans la constitution du lien social.

Le terrain, bien entendu, n'etait pas vierge: Marcel Mauss, le premier, l'avait defriche allant jusqu'a avancer l'idee que si les choses donnees sont rendues c'est qu'il y a dans la chose donnee un esprit qui la pousse a revenir entre les mains de son donateur originaire. L'hypothese valut a Mauss la critique severe de Claude Levi-Strauss, qui lui reprocha d'avoir pris une theorie indigene pour une theorie scientifique et d'avoir manque de reconnaitre pleinement le fait que la societe humaine entiere est echange et que pour en comprendre le sens il faut partir du symbolique et de sa primaute sur l'imaginaire et le reel.

La perspective generale adoptee par Maurice Godelier renouvelle profondement notre comprehension du don. Il analyse en effet les choses qu'on donne ou celles qu'on vend a partir des choses qu'on ne donne pas ou ne vend pas, des choses qu'on garde et que l'on doit garder, au premier rang desquelles les objets sacres. Reanalysant les pratiques du potlatch et du kula sur lesquelles Mauss s'etait appuye, il montre que les enigmes auxquelles Mauss a ete confronte se dissipent lorsque l'on comprend qu'il est tout a la fois possible de donner un objet et de le garder. Ce qui est donne, c'est le droit d'en user pour d'autres dons, ce qui est garde c'est la propriete, inalienable. Mais il faut encore expliquer pourquoi cette regle de droit s'applique aux objets precieux qu'on donne et non aux objets sacres qu'on garde. La chose s'eclaire lorsqu'on fait apparaitre ce qui est enfoui dans l'objet, l'imaginaire associe au pouvoir.

Il apparait donc que toute societe renferme deux ensembles de realites: les unes, soustraites a l'echange, aux dons, au marche, constituent autant de point fixes necessaires pour que les autres circulent. Et c'est precisement la redefinition des ancrages fondamentaux du fait social qui constitue la tache majeure de la pensee politique aujourd'hui.

Ancien directeur scientifique du Departement des sciences de l'homme et de la societe du CNRS, Prix international Alexander von Humboldt en sciences sociales, Maurice Godelier est directeur d'etudes a l'EHESS ou il dirige le Centre de recherche et de documentation sur l'Oceanie. Il a publie deux livres chez Fayard: La Production des Grands Hommes (1982), qui a recu le Prix de l'Academie francaise, et L'Ideel et le materiel: Pensee, economies, societes (1984).

About the Author :
Directeur d'etude a l'EHESS, Maurice Godelier est l'un des principaux chefs de file de l'anthropologie francaise. Ancien directeur scientifique du departement des sciences de l'homme et de la societe au CNRS, dont il est medaille d'or, il a publie trois livres chez Fayard: La Production des grands hommes (1982), L'Ideal et le materiel: pensee, economies, societes (1984), et L'Enigme du don (1996).
(c) photo: D.R.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782213653068
  • Publisher: Fayard
  • Publisher Imprint: Fayard
  • Language: French
  • ISBN-10: 2213653062
  • Publisher Date: 24 Apr 1996
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)


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