Deux Intellectuels Dans Le Siecle, Sartre Et Aron - Bookswagon
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Deux Intellectuels Dans Le Siecle, Sartre Et Aron

Deux Intellectuels Dans Le Siecle, Sartre Et Aron


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About the Book

Les deux philosophes, nes l'un et l'autre en 1905, furent d'abord d'inseparable " petits camarades " a l'Ecole normale superieure entre 1924 et 1928. Le jeune Sartre, futur grand theoricien du devoir d'engagement, etait alors totalement apolitique. Raymond Aron, deja attentif a la vie politique, penchait pour sa part vers le socialisme et le pacifisme. Du sejour qu'ils firent l'un et l'autre en Allemagne, ils tirerent des enseignements differents, mais c'est la guerre qui les conduira vers des evolutions radicalement divergentes. Aron passe a Londres, ou il ecrit dans la revue La France libre. S'il ne fait pas la Resistance brillante presentee par certains de ses zelateurs, Sartre subit le choc de la captivite et de la defaite, et a l'experience de l'engagement a travers quelques actions de resistance intellectuelle. C'est lui qui formulera en 1945, dans le premier numero de sa revue Les Temps modernes (auxquels Aron collabore quelque temps), la theorie du devoir d'engagement de l'intellectuel. L'influence de ses idees sera alors enorme. La presse de l'epoque fera vite l'amalgame entre l' " existentialisme " et l'effervescence qui regne a Saint-Germain-des-Pres; les tirages de ses livres sont eleves, ses pieces ont un succes considerable. Tres vite, la guerre froide partage le monde en deux et l'intelligentsia francaise en ressent les retombees. Sartre, d'abord violemment attaque par le Parti communiste, s'en rapproche jusqu'a devenir, entre 1952 et 1956, un " compagnon de route ." Or ce sont precisement les intellectuels communistes et les " compagnons " que Raymond Aron denonce a la meme epoque dans l'un de ses essais les plus celebres, L'Opium des intellectuels, et au fil de sa reflexion sur le phenomene totalitaire. Sartre et Aron resteront freres ennemis tout au long des annees 1960, symboles et porte-parole des deux versants antagoniques du milieu intellectuel, aussi bien sur les guerres coloniales finissantes et le conflit vietnamien qu'au moment de la crise de mai 1968: le premier soutient le mouvement, tandis que le second devient, aux yeux de l'extreme gauche, le symbole de l'Universite " bourgeoise " et du liberalisme politique honni. Mais c'est precisement ce statut de penseur liberal qui, sur le tard, conferera a Raymond Aron notoriete et influence. A partir de la seconde partie des annees 1970, le milieu intellectuel francais connait en effet une profonde crise ideologique: les modeles et les maitres a penser de l'extreme gauche se trouvent devalues, et le marxisme voit ses positions s'eroder rapidement. Sartre, mort en 1980, sera au cours des annees suivantes souvent attaque a titre posthume: lui qui incarna la position longtemps dominante de la gauche intellectuelle deviendra, d'une certaine facon, le responsable et le symbole des erreurs et des errances presumees de cette gauche. Dans le meme temps, Raymond Aron, jusqu'a sa mort en 1983 et meme apres, se verra largement reconnu par ses concitoyens et porte par la vague du liberalisme. Professeur a l'universite de Lille-III, Jean-Francois Sirinelli a publie chez Fayard Generation intellectuelle, Khagneux et normaliens dans l'entre-deux-guerres (1988), Intellectuels et passions francaises (1990). Il a dirige l'Histoire des droites en France (Gallimard, 1992) et le Dictionnaire historique de la vie politique francaise au XXe siecle (PUF, 1995).

About the Author :
Jean-Francois Sirinelli est professeur d'histoire contemporaine a l'Institut d'etudes politiques de Paris, ou il dirige egalement le Centre d'histoire de Sciences Po. Il est l'auteur de nombreux ouvrages de reference, parmi lesquels Generation intellectuelle: Khagneux et normaliens dans l'entre-deux-guerres (Fayard, 1988), Sartre et Aron (Fayard, 1995), Les Baby-boomers (Fayard, 2003), Comprendre le XXe siecle francais (Fayard, 2005) et Les Vingt Decisives (Fayard, 2007).


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9782213652450
  • Publisher: Fayard
  • Publisher Imprint: Fayard
  • Language: French
  • ISBN-10: 2213652457
  • Publisher Date: 04 Oct 1995
  • Binding: Digital (delivered electronically)


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