Why Democracy Needs Public Goods

Why Democracy Needs Public Goods presents a new theoretical perspective on public goods based on a framework of political philosophy. Angela Kallhoff responds to negative narratives on public goods that point out their role in causing market failures, their cost on public finance and in regulation, and their irregular and sometimes negative effects on social interaction. She instead provides a normative approach arguing for their role in supporting democracies at critical points by providing the basis for a public forum through public space and infrastructure, improving social inclusion through public healthcare and education, and fostering a sense of national identity. This book also features a comprehensive description of other arguments and theoretical approaches to public goods, as well as assessing the classical economic approach of collective action theory and counter arguments from the so-called libertarian camp. Kallhoff also analyzes the problems of regulatory frameworks and the normative issues resulting from the need to support by means of public finance. These perspectives will be most significant to political philosophers and policymakers, though the language used and the examples given will make Kallhoff's arguments comprehensible to non-experts as well.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1 Preface Chapter 2 Introducing Public Goods Chapter 3 Theoretical Background Chapter 4 Problems of Supply Reconsidered Chapter 5 Generating the Public Chapter 6 Claims for Social Justice Chapter 7 Political Self-Determination Chapter 8 Conditions of a Reasonable Pluralism Chapter 9 A Reply to Libertarians Chapter 10 Conclusion

About the Author :
Angela Kallhoff is professor of ethics and applied ethics at the University of Vienna, Austria.

Review :
[A]rguments in favor of her thesis, constructed from both Constitutional, and Deliberative Democracy strands of thought are clearly presented in eight relatively short chapters, totaling 146 pages. . . .[T]he greatest merit of the book is to engage into a positive discussion on public goods, as opposed to the negative stance taken by economists in the market failure tradition. Where they focus on efficiency-restoring mechanisms, the philosopher takes fairness as the most important objective of public policy. Moreover, different perspectives emerge from the thicker conceptualization of individuals provided by philosophers like Kallhoff, as opposed to the narrower homo œconomicus or homo behavioralist of most economists. These observations illustrate the need for interdisciplinary dialogue on such complex questions as public goods. Tony Judt observed that public goods-most visibly exemplified by public transport, institutions of arts, culture, education and care, public safety, and public space-are not valuable simply for their immediate utility, but also as important markers of 'shared citizenship' and 'visual representations of collective identity.' But public goods everywhere are being privatized, or left to fend for themselves, in the name of market efficiency; and contemporary scholarship has been preoccupied with the bad side effects of public goods, rather than with their centrality to social life. Why Democracy Needs Public Goods signals a timely and necessary course correction by providing a sustained and persuasive argument for the case that public goods are essential to democratic government, its renewal and reinvention. This sophisticated but accessible little book should be read not only by those interested in social and political philosophy, but by everyone who is concerned about the deterioration we see, not simply in our urban infrastructures and social safety nets, but in our civic life and the very infrastructure of democracy. The two things are closely connected, as this good book well demonstrates. Public goods are collectively beneficial for citizens. Peace, a free press, or a financial market that serves its function of enabling smooth, sustainable capital flows to entrepreneurs without entailing costly bailouts by Main Street-these are all public goods. Public goods are for democracy what happiness is for the individual: the center of gravity that keeps its activities-the public policies and political debate among citizens-vital and in accord with basic values and the requirements of social cohesion. Angela Kallhoff, drawing on the philosophical work of Martha Nussbaum and Jürgen Habermas, gives a convincing answer for why democracy needs public goods. Her book is a fine piece of example-driven political theory and a timely contribution to the urgent task of refurbishing the social bases of Western democracies.