Tool Making: A Manual of Practical Instruction in the Art of Making Tools, with Many Hints on the Solution of Problems Calling for Ingenuity and Mechanical Skill

THE history of the development of the tool-making art is, of course, the history of the mechanical evolution of the country. The hand working tools came first and then with the invention of each' successive machine came the creation of tools to go with it. The gradual evolution of device methods brought an increase in the required accuracy of work and this, in turn, demanded more precise methods and greater skill on the part of the tool maker. Today, therefore, the large body of so-called "tool makers" represents the most skilled, the most inventive, and the most intelligent of the army of mechanics which forms the backbone of our large mechanical industries. Many phases of this mechanical development have increased the importance of the tool maker - the introduction of high-speed steels, demanding greater skill in construction of the tools because of the greater demands upon them; the variation of hardening and tempering methods owing to the variety of steels used, and particularly the use of "production" methods which necessitates the design and manufacture of complicated tools, jigs, and fixtures for the rapid duplication of any given machine. The design of efficient and complete sets of such tools requires highly developed knowledge of machine methods and a thorough understanding of the machines for which the tools are designed. The author of this work has had years of experience not only in teaching the subject but on the practical side as well and can give the reader a multitude of helpful suggestions for successfully carrying out the mechanical operations required. It is the hope of the publishers that this work will be found a worthy contribution to our standard technical literature. Adjustable type Alloy steels Arbors Bending die Boring bushing holes on milling machines Broaches Bushings Cast iron Cold-striking dies Compound dies Compound punching and bending dies Converted steel Counterbores Counterbores for large work Counterbores with f om cutting edges Counterbores with inserted pilots Crucible steel and its preparation Curling dies Design of draw-broaching machines Dies Directions for making Draw-in chucks Drills Drill jigs Drop-forging dies Drop-forging process Eccentric arbors End mills Expanding mandrels Flat drills Flat forming tools Fluid dies Fluted hand reamers Follow dies Formed cutters Formed reamers Forming die Forming tools Fundamental requirements for successful work Gages Gang dies General directions for making gages Hand taps Hardening and tempering crucible steel Hardening drawing and redrawing dies Hobbing drop-forging dies Holders for vertical milling machines, Hollow mills Hollow mills with inserted blades Hollow mills with pilot Hollow punches Illustrations of broaching Jig types Locating holes for bushings Long broach vs short broach Machine steel Machine taps Making die Making draw broaches Making drop-forging dies Milling cutters Milling machine fixtures Modem high-speed steels Multiple die Necessary tools PAGE Plain and adjustable hollow mills Process of making Progressive dies Punch and die work Punch and die work (continued) page Punches Push broaches Reamers Reversed die STANDARD TOOLS Screw-machine forming tools Side milling cutter Simple slab jig Single-lip drill Solid straight cutters Solid type Special holders Spiral milling cutters Stock for broaches Straight reamers Sub-press dies Tap holders Tap wrenches Taper reamers Taper taps Taps Thread-cutting dies Threads Tool holders Tool materials and their treatment Tool-maker and his equipment Tool-steel mandrels Triple dies Twist drills Types of gages