Shifting Gears in Innovation Policy: Strategies from Asia

In the six Asian countries focused on in this book—China, India, Japan, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan—high economic growth has been achieved in many industrial sectors, the catch-up phase of growth has ended or is about to end, and technological frontiers have been reached in many industries. These countries can no longer rely on importing or imitating new technology from abroad and expanding imports, and instead have to develop their own innovations to maintain growth. The policy tools they often used to advance "innovation," for the most traditional industrial policies of identifying promising industries and promoting them, will no longer be effective. And indeed, governments in Asia have recently put forward new policies, such as China's push for mass entrepreneurship and innovation. Domestic conditions in Asian economies have also started to change. Many countries are facing rapidly aging populations and low birth rates: Japan's population, declining for several years, is the first population decline not caused by war or disease in the modern world; South Korea's labor force started to shrink in 2018 as well; China's huge population will start to age, even as a large part of the population remains poor. Facing these challenges, today Asia is at a juncture. East Asia as a whole has greater real economic output than North America, South and Southeast Asia possess enormous economic potential due to size and resources, and countries within Asia are becoming more connected in both trade and diplomacy. It is at this juncture that the authors of Shifting Gears examine and reassess Asia's innovation and focus on national innovation strategies and regional cluster policies that can promote entrepreneurship and innovation in the larger Asia-Pacific. Chapters explore how institutions and policies affect incentives for innovation and entrepreneurship; whether Asia's innovation systems are substantially different from those of other countries, and in which ways, and whether there are any promising strategies for promoting innovation.

About the Author :
Yong Suk Lee is the SK Center Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies and the deputy director of the Korea Program at the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center at Stanford University. Lee's research is in the fields of labor economics, technology and entre- preneurship, and urban economics. His current research examines digital technology and labor, focusing on how new technologies will affect labor and how societies react to new technologies. Takeo Hoshi is a professor of economics at the University of Tokyo. His research area includes corporate finance, banking, monetary policy, and the Japanese economy. Hoshi is also co-chairman of the Academic Board of the Center for Industrial Development and Environmental Governance (Tsinghua University). Gi-Wook Shin is the William J. Perry Professor of Contemporary Korea in Sociology; senior fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies; the director of the Walter H. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center since 2005; and the founding director of the Korea Program, all at Stanford University. As a historical-comparative and political sociologist, his research has concentrated on social movements, nationalism, development, democracy, and international relations.