Dyes and Chromophores in Polymer Science

The design and development of dyes and chromophores have recently attracted much attention in various research fields such as materials, radiation curing, (laser) imaging, optics, medicine, microelectronics, nanotechnology, etc.. In this book, the recent research for the use of dyes and chromophores in polymer science is presented. The interaction of the visible light with the dyes or the selected chromophores is particularly important in different fields (e.g. for photovoltaic, display applications (LED ...), laser imaging or laser direct writing, green chemistry with sunlight induced photopolymerization etc ...).  This book gives an overview of the dyes and chromophores for all the important fields. 

Table of Contents:
Preface xi Chapter 1 Trends in Dye Photosensitized Radical Polymerization Reactions 1 Jacques Lalevée and Jean-Pierre Fouassier 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 A brief overview of dye-based PISs 6 1.2.1 Dye one-component systems 6 1.2.2 Dye two-component systems 7 1.2.3 Dye three-component systems 10 1.3 A discussion on specific or recent developments in dye-based photoinitiating systems 12 1.3.1 Dyes for use with polychromatic visible lights 14 1.3.2 Dyes for blue, green and red laser light-induced polymerizations 16 1.3.3 Dyes as part of PISs in the medical area 18 1.3.4 Dyes in controlled radical photopolymerization reactions 19 1.3.5 Photoinitiation under soft irradiation conditions: novel three-component systems 19 1.3.6 Dyes with red-shifted absorptions and high molar extinction coefficients 22 1.3.7 Performances of novel three-component PISs in low-viscosity matrices under LEDs/laser diodes  and low-intensity household devices 23 1.3.8 Recoverable dyes: the concept of photoinitiator catalysts 25 1.3.9 Metal-based dyes: recent perspectives 26 1.3.10 Dyes under sunlight exposure 27 1.3.11 Dye-based PISs as a source of mediator radicals: application to FRPCP 27 1.3.12 Dyes exhibiting a dual radical/cationic behavior: application to concomitant radical/cationic photopolymerizations 28 1.3.13 Dyes in thiol-ene photopolymerizations 29 1.3.14 Dyes for the manufacture of photopolymerizable panchromatic films 29 1.3.15 Dyes for polymerization of in situ nanoparticle containing films 30 1.4 Dye-based photoinitiating systems: properties, efficiency and reactivity 31 1.5 Trends and perspectives 32 1.6 Bibliography 34 Chapter 2 Sensitization of Cationic Photopolymerizations 45 James Crivello 2.1 Introduction 45 2.2 Photosensitization of onium salts 48 2.3 Synthesis of long wavelength absorbing photoinitiators 50 2.4 Photosensitization of onium salt cationic photoinitiators 51 2.5 Early dye sensitization studies 55 2.6 Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives 56 2.7 Phenothiazine photosensitizers 60 2.8 Carbazole photosensitizers 62 2.9 Thioxanthone photosensitizers 63 2.10 Curcumin as a photosensitizer 64 2.11 Quinoxaline photosensitizers 65 2.12 Miscellaneous electron-transfer photosensitizers 66 2.13 Free-radical-promoted photosensitization 66 2.14 Conclusions 70 2.15 Bibliography 71 Chapter 3 Controlled Photopolymerization And Novel Architectures 81 Sean Doran, Omer Suat Taskin, Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen and Yusuf Yagci 3.1 Introduction 81 3.2 Photoinitiated controlled radical polymerizations 84 3.2.1 Photoiniferter 84 3.2.2 Photoinitiated nitroxide-mediated radical polymerization 87 3.2.3 Photoinitiated atom transfer radical polymerization 89 3.2.4 Photoinitiated RAFT polymerization 97 3.3 Photoinitiated living ionic polymerization 102 3.3.1 Living cationic photopolymerization 102 3.3.2 Living anionic photopolymerization 106 3.4 Acknowledgments 108 3.5 Bibliography 109 Chapter 4 Applied Photochemistry in Dental Materials: From Beginnings to State of the Art 123 Joachim E. Klee, Maximilian Maier and Christoph P. Fik 4.1 Photoinitiated free radical polymerization 123 4.1.1 Introduction: from ultraviolet to visible light curing 123 4.1.2 The camphorquinone/amine system 124 4.1.3 Acyl phosphine oxides 127 4.1.4 Various other photoinitiator systems 129 4.2 Cationic photopolymerization 133 4.3 Conclusion 134 4.4 Bibliography 134 Chapter 5 Photoinitiated Cross-linking in Oleds: An Efficient Tool for Addressing the Solution-processed Devices Elaboration and Stability Issues 139 Frédéric Dumur and Didier Gigmes 5.1 Introduction 139 5.2 Cross-linking of light-emitting materials 141 5.2.1 Polymer-based light-emitting materials 141 5.2.2 Small-molecule-based light-emitting materials 154 5.3 Cross-linking of charge-transport materials 157 5.3.1 Polymer-based hole-transport materials 157 5.3.2 Polymer-based electron-transport/injection materials 165 5.3.3 Small-molecule-based hole-transport materials 167 5.4 Conclusion 169 5.5 Bibliography 170 Chapter 6 Polymers as Light-harvesting Dyes In Dye-sensitized Solar Cells 183 Thanh-Tuân Bui, Xavier Sallenave and Fabrice Goubard 6.1 Introduction 183 6.2 Characterization of DSSC devices 185 6.3 Poly(3-thiophenylacetic acid)-based polymers 188 6.4 Phenylenevinylene-based polymers 194 6.5 Triphenylamine-based polymer 195 6.6 Fluorene-based polymers 196 6.7 Dye polymers with acceptor–donor structure 197 6.8 Polymer containing metal complexes 199 6.9 Conclusion 205 6.10 Bibliography 206 Chapter 7 Nir-dyes for Photopolymers and Laser Drying in The Graphic Industry 213 Bernd Strehmel, Thomas Brömme, Christian Schmitz, Knut Reiner, Steffen Ernst and Dietmar Keil 7.1 Introduction 213 7.2 Computer to plate systems 216 7.2.1 Technical remarks 216 7.2.2 Photochemical aspects of photoinitiation using NIR lasers 218 7.2.3 Importance of thermal deactivation 230 7.2.4 Contrast materials and color on demand 232 7.2.5 Sensitivity 236 7.3 Laser-drying and offset-printing 239 7.3.1 Principle of laser-drying 239 7.3.2 Chemical systems 241 7.4 Conclusions and outlook 243 7.5 Acknowledgments 244 7.6 Bibliography 244 Chapter 8 Dyes and Photopolymers 251 Yue Qi and John T. Sheridan 8.1 Photopolymer 251 8.2 Dye study of the photopolymer materials 260 8.3 Conclusion 271 8.4 Bibliography 272 Chapter 9 Advanced Strategies for Spatially Resolved Surface Design Via Photochemical Methods 279 Anja S. Goldmann, Guillaume Delaittre, Jan O. Mueller and Christopher Barner-Kowollik 9.1 Introduction 279 9.2 Inorganic surfaces 282 9.3 Bio and bioinspired surfaces 296 9.4 Cross-linking 309 9.5 Conclusion 314 9.6 Bibliography 315 Chapter 10 Photosynthesized High-performance Biomaterials 327 Julien Babinot, Estelle Renard, Valérie Langlois and Davy-Louis Versace 10.1 Introduction 327 10.2 Surface photografting methodology 329 10.2.1 Photoinduced “grafting-from” method 329 10.2.2 Benzophenone and derivatives 329 10.2.3 Ketones and derivatives 331 10.2.4 Photo-oxidation process 333 10.2.5 Photoiniferters for living/controlled surface photografting 334 10.2.6 Triarylsulfonium salts 335 10.3 Photoinduced “grafting-to” procedure 337 10.3.1 Aryl azides chemistry 337 10.3.2 Anthraquinone-derived monomers 337 10.4 Achievements and biomedical applications of the photosynthesized materials 339 10.4.1 Achievements 339 10.4.2 Stimuli-responsive materials 341 10.4.3 Modification of membranes 343 10.4.4 Biomedical applications 344 10.4.5 Enzymes and proteins immobilization 347 10.4.6 Cell adhesion and compatibility 348 10.5 Conclusion 350 10.6 Bibliography 350 Chapter 11 Light-cured Luminescent Coatings for Photovoltaic Devices 361 Federico Bella, Gianmarco Griffini, Roberta Bongiovanni and Stefano Turri 11.1 Photovoltaics: technology, devices and spectral management 361 11.1.1 Energy demand and photovoltaic converters 361 11.1.2 Spectral management for photovoltaics: principles, materials and applications 364 11.2 Photocurable luminescent downshifting layers and dye-sensitized solar cells 371 11.3 Luminescent solar concentrators 378 11.4 Bibliography 385 Chapter 12 Polymers with Photoinduced Self-healing Properties 393 Julien Poly 12.1 Introduction 393 12.2 Healing based on photo-reversible cycloadditions 395 12.3 Healing based on photoinduced homolytic dissociations of covalent bonds 399 12.4 Photoinduced healing in supramolecular polymers and related systems 408 12.5 Healing based on photothermally induced phase transitions or photo-isomerizations 413 12.6 Conclusion and perspectives 416 12.7 Bibliography 418 List of Authors 423 Index 427

About the Author :
Jacques Lalevée, Institut de Science des Matériaux de Mulhouse, France. Jean Pierre Fouassier, ENSCMu-UHA, Mulhouse, France.