Causality: (Sage Benchmarks in Social Research Methods)

Causality is a core problem in social science methodology, as the laws of causality found in physics - which state generalizations without exceptions - are not found in the social sciences. As a consequence, classical definitions of the causal relation, such as John Stuart Mill′s definition in terms of invariant succession, need either to be modified and qualified, or replaced by a different concept of causality entirely. This has led to a long and complex literature on the problems of causality. This four volume major reference work, Causality, covers the main issues, methods of analysis, and alternatives, of causality, including the classic texts applying these alternative concepts and methods to empirical cases. The volumes give a substantial historical and philosophical introduction relevant to the concerns of practitioners. As a whole, the volumes represent a complete guide to the literature on social science causality from the beginning to the present.t.

Table of Contents:
VOLUME 1 On the Study of Causes - L.A. Quetelet Quetelet on Probabilities - John F.W. Herschel Causation - John Venn Mariage - Jacques Bertillon The Scientific Law - Karl Pearson Cause and Effect-Probability - Karl Pearson Contingency and Correlation-the Insufficiency of Causation - Karl Pearson On the Correlation of Total Pauperism with Proportion of Out-Relief - G. Udny Yule An Investigation into the Causes in Pauperism in England, Chiefly During the Last Two Intercensal Decades - G. Udny Yule Partial Association - G. Udny Yule VOLUME 2 The Generalizing Theories: Adequate cause - H.L.A. Hart and Tony Honoré Concerning Cause and the Law of Torts - Guido Calabresi Causation in Tort Law - Richard W. Wright Causal Ordering and Identifiability - Herbert A. Simon Spurious Correlation: A causal interpretation - Herbert A. Simon Correlation and Causality: The multivariate case - H.M. Blalock, Jr. The Introduction of Additional Variables and the Problem of Spuriousness - Herbert Hyman The Introduction of Additional Variables and the Elaboration of Analysis - Herbert Hyman The Environment and Disease: Association or causation? - Austin Bradford Hill Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Models - C.W.J. Granger Spurious Regressions in Econometrics - C.W.J. Granger and P. Newbold Testing for Causality: A personal viewpoint - C.W.J. Granger Statistics and Causal Inference - Paul W. Holland Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Which ifs have causal answers? - Donald B. Rubin Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment - D.R. Cox Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment: Statistics and metaphysics - Clark Glymour Statistics and Causal Inference: Comment - Clive Granger Statistics and Causal Inference: Rejoinder - Paul W. Holland Causal Inference, Path Analysis, and Recursive Structural Equations Models - Paul W. Holland Dangers of Cigarette Smoking - Ronald A. Fisher Cigarettes, Cancer, and Statistics - Ronald A. Fisher The Nature of Probability - Ronald A. Fisher Lung Cancer and Cigarettes - Ronald A. Fisher Cancer and Smoking - Ronald A. Fisher Inhaling - Ronald A. Fisher Review - C.C. Spicer Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error - James J. Heckman Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. Hotz Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Paul W. Holland Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Comment - Robert Moffitt Choosing Among Alternative Nonexperimental Methods for Estimating the Impact of Social Programs: The case of manpower training: Rejoinder - James J. Heckman and Joseph V. Hotz VOLUME 3 Graphs, Causality, and Structural Equation Models - Judea Pearl Confounding and Collapsibility in Causal Inference - Sander Greenland, Judea Pearl and James M. Robins Causal Diagrams for Empirical Research - Judea Pearl Graphical Models for Causation, and the Identification Problem - David A. Freedman Measures of Association for Cross Classifications - Leo A. Goodman and William H. Kruskal Simple Models for the Analysis of Association in Cross-classifications Having Ordered Categories - Leo A. Goodman The Multivariate Analysis of Qualitative Data: Interactions among multiple classifications - Leo A. Goodman The Analysis of Cross-classified Data: Independence, quasi-independence, and interactions in contingency tables with or without missing entries - Leo A. Goodman The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin Estimating Causal Effects of Treatments in Randomized and Nonrandomized Studies - Donald B. Rubin Constructing a Control Group Using Multivariate Matched Sampling Methods that Incorporate the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin Reducing Bias in Observational Studies Using Subclassification on the Propensity Score - Paul R. Rosenbaum and Donald B. Rubin Identification of Causal Effects Using Instrumental Variables - Joshua D. Angrist, Guido W. Imbens and Donald B. Rubin Bayesian Inference for Causal Effects: The role of randomization - Donald B. Rubin Estimating Causal Effects from Large Data Sets Using Propensity Scores - Donald B. Rubin Assignment of Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate - Donald B. Rubin From Association to Causation in Observational Studies: The role of tests of strongly ignorable treatment assignment - Paul R. Rosenbaum Notes on the Theory of Association of Attributes in Statistics - G. Udny Yule The Interpretation of Interaction in Contingency Tables - E.H. Simpson On Simpson′s Paradox and the Sure-thing Principle - Colin R. Blyth Confounding and Simpson′s Paradox - Steven A. Julious and Mark A. Mullee Comment on: ′Confounding and Simpson′s Paradox′ - C.R. Charig Ecological Correlations and the Behavior of Individuals - W.S. Robinson Social experiments: Some developments over the past fifteen years - T.D. Cook and W.R. Shadish The Moderator-mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, strategic and statistical considerations - Reuben M. Baron and David A. Kenny VOLUME 4 Causal Laws and Effective Strategies - Nancy Cartwright Causes and Conditions - J.L. Mackie Causation - David Lewis Causation - David Lewis Causation as Influence - David Lewis Small n′s and Big Conclusions: An examination of the reasoning in comparative studies based on a small number of cases - Stanley Lieberson Utilizing Causal Models to Discover Flaws in Experiments - Herbert L. Costner Statistical Models and Shoe Leather - David A. Freedman From Association to Causation Via Regression - David A. Freedman Nuisance Variables and the Ex Post Facto Design - Paul Meehl The Path Analysis Controversy: A new statistical approach to strong appraisal of verisimilitude - Paul E. Meehl and Nils G. Waller