Risk Analysis VII & Brownfields V: Simulation and Hazard Mitigation / Prevention, Assessment, Rehabilitation, Restoration and Development of Brownfield Sites(No. 43 WIT Transactions on Information and Communication Technologies)

Scientific knowledge is essential to our better understanding of risk. Natural hazards such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, fires and others, have always affected human societies. Man-made hazards, however, played a comparatively small role until the industrial revolution when the risk of catastrophic events started to increase due to the rapid growth of new technologies. The interaction of natural and anthropogenic risks adds to the complexity of the problem. Advances in computational methods and the ability to model systems more precisely now enable hazards to be quantified, their effects to be simulated and risk analysis to be pursued with greater accuracy, providing for more effective risk management. These developments not only are important for all areas of human endeavour but have particular relevance to environmental issues where the risks involved are substantial. Effective risk management and the mitigation of possible hazards have become a high priority of government and a public concern.This book encompasses a wide range of topics such as: Risk Assessment; Risk Management; Hazard Prevention, Management and Control; Early Warning Systems; Natural Hazards; Simulation and Design in Road Evacuation; Vulnerability Issues; Health Risk; Debris Flow and Flood Hazards. / The demand for development land has led to the reuse of properties that have been abandoned for a variety of reasons. Many of them are brownfield sites which have deteriorated in different ways, including by contamination. These sites are usually a burden in terms of economic losses and contribute to the deterioration of the quality of life of entire neighbourhoods. They create enormous social problems in addition to severe land, soil and habitat degradation. The rehabilitation and redevelopment of brownfields and derelict land in general is one of the first priorities of environmental and spatial planning. The main objective for these sites is to find appropriate new uses and activities, taking into account their economic and social acceptability. Brownfield development is in many cases essential to attract new business to the locality and for the creation of healthy communities.Therefore, there is a great need for deeper research and study of all aspects of the problem - technical, institutional, financial, social - and an exchange of ideas, know-how and experience among experts and scientists.The papers are grouped into the following subject areas: Rehabilitation; Risk Assessment; Case Studies.

Table of Contents:
Contents Part I - Risk Analysis VII Section 1: Risk assessment Kernal density functions to estimate parameters to simulate stochastic variables with sparse data: what is the best distribution?; Assessment of hazard distribution within network systems with resistance feature; Risk assessment: the global confidence uncertainty plume of SAKWebA(c); Bayesian inference in oil spill response management; Assessment of the system degradation level using the Bayesian approach; A critical look at risk analysis of disasters; Quantitative assessment parameters of the protection level of national strategic sites in the EU; An integrated approach for risk analysis based on CFD modelling and reliability engineering; Robustness analysis of industrial emergency plans: a model-based methodology; A combined approach using accelerated and a sequential life testingA" applied to steel components used in highway overpasses in Brazil; Systematic method of risk assessment in industrial processes; The concept of social risks perception; Guidelines and tools to prevent risks in valleys downstream from large dam-reservoir systems: a review; Computerized fault tree construction for improved reliability analysis; Development of a risk assessment system based on pattern matching of behavioural fault modelsSurvey on total fire safety in residential care homes for elderly persons in Hong Kong; Investigation of workers carrying out outdoor activities in environmentally contaminated areas Section 2: Risk management A quantitative risk analysis method for the natural gas pipeline network; Major risks associated with the renovation of Terminal Building 2, Cairo International Airport, Egypt; Evaluation of watershed water quality risk reduction after earthquake disasters; Estimation efficiency in the modeling of dependence structures: an application of alternative copulas to insurance rating; Risk analysis as an integrated operational and legal instrument with respect to the safety of maritime traffic Section 3: Hazard prevention, management and control Optimization decision support system for safe ship control; Stability and numerical modelling of the King TiberiusA" cave at Riolo Terme (Ravenna-IT); Effectiveness of passive seismic control of steel structures; Thermal behavior and toxic emissions of flame retarded timber in fire enclosure tests; The application of disaster management in Turkey from a comparative perspective: a proposal for a new model; Crowd management using fuzzy logic and G.I.S. Section 4: Early warning systems Risk analysis by emission source strengths and wind directions of trace gases at Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate, Rayong province, Thailand; Improved damage quantification method based on substructure modal strain energy; Evaluating risk reduction by telematic early warning in dam flood scenarios Section 5: Natural hazards Natural and man-made flooding hazards at the torrents in the town of Thessaloniki; Developing a GIS tool to assess potential damage of future floods; GIS applications for landslide susceptibility assessment: a case study in Iasi County (Moldavian Plateau, Romania); Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Nepal; Spatio-temporal distribution of slope failures in the Western Ghats of Kerala, India Section 6: Simulation and design in road evacuation A sequential dynamic choice model to simulate demand in evacuation conditions; Signal setting design on a road network: application of a system of models in evacuation conditions; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) for evacuation planning; An approach to designing vehicle routes in evacuation conditions; An individual risk model in the case of a road accident to support the decisional process in planning Section 7: Vulnerability issues Spatial uncertainty of groundwater-vulnerability predictions assessed by a cross-validation strategy: an application to nitrate concentrations in the Province of Milan, northern Italy; Methodology to evaluate the risk of vulnerable failure scenarios in a water pipe network; A coupled vulnerability approach for European mountain regions Section 8: Health risk Creative Application to Remedy Epidemics; Quantitative microbial risk assessment for Listeria monocytogenes in cold smoked salmon; Risk assessment methodology for surface fungal infection in gymnasium workers in Lisbon: a proposal; A distributed multi-level system for the monitoring and simulation of epidemics; The effect of the intratracheal exposure of rats to secondary metabolites isolated from microfungi on lungs; Cases of Leptospirosis after typhoon Ondoy (international name: Ketsana) seen at the emergency department: the Philippine General Hospital experience Section 9: Debris flow and flood hazards Designing safe and stable tailings dam structures with centrifuge modelling; Debris flow hazard mapping with a random walk model in Korea; Forces on piles preventing debris slope slips; Experimental survey on off-stream floodplain storages: first results; A framework to assess the social and economic impacts on communities and industries due to loss in serviceability of infrastructure networks after floods; Equity and efficiency considerations in setting standards for flood protection; Implementation of intelligence of flood disaster debris discharge for emergency response; The hydraulic safeguard of the city of Milan: the Canale Scolmatore di Nord-Ovest; Debris flows promoted by mechanical deterioration of the ground due to eutrophication of hillside Part II - Brownfields V Section 1: Rehabilitation Brownfield redevelopment: a business approach for regional collaboration; Visualising and regenerating brownfields in the Czech Republic; The REHMINE research project: the threefold value of Sao Domingos abandoned mine rehabilitation in southern Portugal; Mapping and rehabilitation of brownfields in the city of Izhevsk; Environmental solutions of recovery of Amazonian forest mining operations; Renewable energy projects at municipal landfills; Geotechnical verification of impact compaction; Project stockholder: an effective system for renewal and revitalization of dilapidated inner city areas; Oxidative stress in microorganisms exposed to iron nanoparticles Section 2: Risk assessment Comparative risk assessment of potentially contaminated sites: proposal, implementation and application of a regional methodology; The effects of soil pollution and its relation with morbidity in shoreline areas; Health risk analysis of the environmental burden; Project and disaster risk management under climate change Section 3: Case studies Remediation and development of a former rubber products manufacturing facility in Colorado, USA; The Sydney tar ponds: lessons learned from Canada's first superfund level project; Mechanical tillage of degraded mining areas at Jamari National Forest (Amazonian Forest, Rondonia - BR); Eco industrial parks in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil: a proposal for brownfield revitalization