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O'r Pentre Gwyn i Gwmderi

O'r Pentre Gwyn i Gwmderi


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About the Book

An entertaining and scholarly study of the portrayal of the Welsh village, its characters and social infrastructure in the literature of the Welsh nation through the medium of Welsh and English from 1890 to 1970. 40 black-and-white photographs.

Review :
Y mae wedi cymryd oes i ysgrifennu’r llyfr hwn – hynny yw, oes o ddarllen, ymchwilio, myfyrio. Y canlyniad yw llyfr sy’n gyfuniad o feirniadaeth lenyddol, o hanes diwylliant a chymdeithas, ac yn bennaf oll, o ystyriaeth o gyflwr Cymru; a’r elfen honno, mewn gwirionedd, sy’n gyrru'r astudiaeth gyfoethog hon sy’n bersonol ond heb golli ei gwrthrychedd. Y pentre gwyn cysyniadol yw ‘Pentre Gwyn’ Anthropos (1909), archdeip y gymdeithas wledig honno a ddiffiniai hanfod ‘Cymru lân, Cymru lonydd’, a menig gwyn ei diwylliant a’i chrefydd, ei mwyneidd-dra gwâr a’i boneddigeiddrwydd anian. Cydunai harddwch pobl a phrydferthwch bro yn y pentrefi gwyn y rhoddai O.M. Edwards gymaint o amlygrwydd iddynt yn ei Cymru ef oherwydd gweddau ar yr un portread delfrydol oeddent. Er bod Hywel Teifi yn datgan mai ymateb amddiffynnol i sarhad y Llyfrau Gleision oedd y delfryd hwn, y mae wedi crynhoi a chyflwyno mwy o dystiolaeth mai gwedd Gymreig ar ddyhead dyfnach ac ymagwedd ehangach na Chymru oedd y cysyniadau hyn o’r bywyd gwledig pentrefol fel y gwir amlygiad o bopeth nodweddiadol genedlaethol ac o werth moesol y prydferth mewn bywyd. Y mae ei ymdriniaeth o’r themâu hyn yn Lloegr fel yng Nghymru, ymdriniaeth wedi’i seilio ar eangder o ddarllen ysgolheigaidd a llenyddol, yn dra gwerthfawr ac yn arddangos gymaint rhan o’r byd syniadol cyffredinol cyfoes fu, ac yw, Cymru erioed. Y mae’r syniadau hyn yn hirhoedlog am eu bod yn hiraethus ddyheu am ryw Eden gynt, megis y gwnaeth y Llundeiniwr John Major ffôl ramantu am hanfod Lloegr ym mhentrefi de’r wlad, neu megis y gwna’r miloedd gwylwyr wrth ymgolli yn niniweidrwydd campau triawd Last of the Summer Wine. Er hynny, dengys y drafodaeth bwysig hon mor ganolog fu’r delfryd yn y meddylfryd Cymreig – J.M. Edwards a chyfresi atgofion ail hanner yr ugeinfed ganrif a gymerir yn symbolau grymus ganrif ar ôl y Llyfrau Gleision a hanner canmlynedd ar ôl y pentre gwyn gwreiddiol – ac fel y mae wedi gwrthsefyll pob ymosodiad arno. Canolbwynt yr ymdriniaeth hon yw’r bennod ar Caradog Evans, pennod hwyaf y llyfr. Er bod awduron eraill yn gallu cydnabod ffaeleddau’r gymdeithas bentrefol Gymraeg (ac mae’n bwysig ystyried ym mha gyd-destun y gwneir y feirniadaeth, mae adnabod y genre yn elfen yn y darllen), ychydig o ddylanwad a gafodd ei lyfrau ef ar hunanddelwedd y Cymry Cymraeg, efallai am fod ei ymagweddau’n afresymol anghredadwy o giaidd a’i iaith mor ‘bisâr’. Ni allai ef ond cryfhau delwedd y pentre gwyn; ac fe fyddai ‘Llareggub’ ffantasïol cydymdeimladol yn fwy Cymreig ei gyflead nag estroneiddiwch ‘Manteg’. Ac at hynny, fel y pwysleisia Hywel Teifi ym mhennod orau’r llyfr, y mae Under Milk Wood yn ddwysach ei ddealltwriaeth o wir ddyhead y ddynoliaeth. Gellid gwrthsefyll Caradog Evans, neu ei anwybyddu, am ei fod yn ysgrifennu o’r tu allan; ond yr oedd cael darlun o gymhlethdod du’r pentref Cymraeg o’r tu mewn, yn iaith y pentref, yn cloddio at y sylfeini. Un Nos Ola Leuad a wêl Hywel Teifi yn wir drobwynt yn nelwedd y pentref Cymraeg. Gellid dadlau mai darlun awdur athrylithgar yn codi o’i brofiad unigolyddol, ac abnormal, ef ei hun yw’r nofel, lawn gymaint ag oedd yn achos Caradog Evans, ond erbyn 1961 yr oedd y gymdeithas Gymraeg hithau, fel odid pob cymdeithas orllewinol arall, yn sinigaidd am ei gorffennol megis am ei phresennol ac yn barod i anwesu’r duwch. Y mae’n amheuthun gweld prif hanesydd y diwylliant Cymraeg diweddar yn defnyddio ffilmiau a dramâu teledu i gyfannu’r dystiolaeth. Hawdd y gellir cytuno ag ef fod Cwmderi’n anhygoel hyd yn oed fel opera sebon realaidd, ac ni allaf lai na theimlo nad yng Nghwmderi, na hyd yn oed ‘Y Pentra’, y bu farw’r pentre gwyn ond mewn cyfresi fel Deryn, C’mon Midffîld, Y Tair Chwaer, Talcen Caled a Tipyn o Stad. Y rhain sy’n enghreifftio’r pentre cyfoes, ac efallai mai’r delfryd sydd ynddynt hwy yw eu bod yn bentrefi Cymraeg. Y mae’r astudiaeth ryfeddol o eang hon yn ennill nerth wrth fynd rhagddi. Wedi dangos mor eglur mai delfryd yw’r pentre gwyn, a chanmol pob ymgais i’w danseilio ac i dreiddio at frithwe’r gymdeithas wledig gymysg, y mae arwyddocâd arbennig i deitl y bennod olaf, ‘Wedi mynd ac yno o hyd’. Ni all Hywel Teifi Edwards ymatal rhag protestio yn erbyn ei gasgliadau ei hun, am fod hiraeth am y pentre gwyn yn angen oesol ac ni chaiff neb ddwyn oddi arno Aber-arth ei fachgendod. Ys truan ohonom ni, Gymry Cymraeg heb ein pentre gwyn – nes inni gofio mai’r un hanesydd hwn a roes inni Gyfres y Cymoedd. A minnau wedi mwynhau cymaint, chwith yw gorfod diweddu â chwynion: tudalen deitl heb yr is-deitl sydd ar y clawr; dim tudalen cynnwys yn rhestru’r penodau; ac yn anfaddeuol, dim Mynegai. Brysied dydd yr ailgyhoeddi.


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Product Details
  • ISBN-13: 9781843234111
  • Publisher: Gomer Press
  • Publisher Imprint: Gomer Press
  • Height: 148 mm
  • No of Pages: 198
  • ISBN-10: 1843234114
  • Publisher Date: 29 Jul 2004
  • Binding: Paperback
  • Language: Welsh
  • Width: 210 mm


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