How Universities Transform Occupations and Work in the 21st Century: The Academization of German and American Economies(47 International Perspectives on Education and Society)

Advanced education is often thought to respond to the demands of the economy. Market forces create new occupations, and then universities respond with degrees and curricula tailored to produce graduates with the required skills. Presented here is ground-breaking comparative research on an underappreciated, yet growing, concurrent alternative process: universities and their expanding research capacity create knowledge and skills, legitimated in new degrees that then become monetized and even required in private and public sectors of economies. With far reaching implications for understanding the educational transformation of capitalism and social inequality, the future of professionalization in occupations, persistent expansion of advanced education, and profound change in the culture of work in the 21st Century, the chapters explore sociological implications, possible global impacts, and critiques of the process. Detailed German and U.S. case studies of the university’s origins and influence on workplace consequences of six selected occupations and degrees investigate the dimensions of the academization process. Demonstrating universal application, the cases contrast the more open and less-restrictive education and occupational credentialling system in the U.S. with the centralized and government-controlled system in Germany. This is a much-needed new perspective on the worn-out notions of overeducation, credentialism, professionalism, and supposed unresponsiveness of systems of higher education.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1. Academization: A New Perspective on Occupations; Manfred Stock, Alexander Mitterle, and David P. Baker Chapter 2. The Academic Roots of Digitalization: How the university shaped work processes in companies; Annemarie Matthies Chapter 3. Educating Entrepreneurs: long path to bloom in German universities; Alexander Mitterle Chapter 4. All Roads Lead to the University: The Academization of Early Childhood Education; Maryellen Schaub, Yuen-Hsien Tseng, and Yuan Chih Fu Chapter 5. Educating from a distance: Early Childhood Pedagogy in Germany – institutional pathways, cognitive values, and current effects in child day care practice; Annett Maiwald Chapter 6. Creating Educational Therapists in Germany: Achieving recognition of the profession through academization; Christoph Schubert Chapter 7. The Academic Origins of the Architectural Engineer: Design and Building as Practice of Theory; David P. Baker Chapter 8. The Expansion of Mathematics as a Discipline and an Occupational Field: Progress in Quantitative Modeling in Different Sectors of Society; Monique Lathan and Manfred Stock

About the Author :
Manfred Stock is Professor of the Sociology of Education at the Institute for Sociology at the Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany. Alexander Mitterle is a sociologist and researcher on Higher Education at the Department of Social Sciences at Hamburg University, Germany. David P. Baker is Professor of Sociology, Education and Demography at the Pennsylvania State University, USA, where he directs a research program on the worldwide education revolution’s impact on post-modern society.