Handbook on Public Policy and Artificial Intelligence: (Handbooks of Research on Public Policy series)

This timely Handbook explores the relationship between public policy and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies across a broad range of geographical, technical, political and policy contexts. It contributes to critical AI studies, focusing on the intersection of the norms, discourses, policies, practices and regulation that shape AI in the public sector. Expert authors in the field discuss the creation and use of AI technologies, and how public authorities respond to their development, by bringing together emerging scholarly debates about AI technologies with longer-standing insights on public administration, policy, regulation and governance. Contributions in the Handbook mobilize diverse perspectives to critically examine techno-solutionist approaches to public policy and AI, dissect the politico-economic interests underlying AI promotion and analyse implications for sustainable development, fairness and equality. Ultimately, this Handbook questions whether regulatory concepts such as ethical, trustworthy or accountable AI safeguard a democratic future or contribute to a problematic de-politicization of the public sector. The Handbook on Public Policy and Artificial Intelligence is a crucial resource for students and scholars of public policy and administration, political economy, political science, sociology, law, regulation and governance, computer science and technology studies. It is also beneficial to policy practitioners, civil society actors and regulators working with AI technologies.

Table of Contents:
Contents Preface xiv 1 Introduction to the Handbook on Public Policy and Artificial Intelligence: vantage points for critical inquiry 1 Regine Paul, Emma Carmel and Jennifer Cobbe PART I AI AND PUBLIC POLICY: CHALLENGES TO KEY CONCEPTS 2 Researching the politics of automated systems of governing: a thematic review 27 Andreas Öjehag-Pettersson, Vanja Carlsson and Malin Rönnblom 3 Power in AI and public policy 40 Lena Ulbricht 4 What’s old is new: AI and bureaucracy 53 Roy L. Heidelberg 5 AI and the logics of public sector organizations 66 Frans af Malmborg and Jarle Trondal 6 AI technologies and the reconfiguration of discretion in street-level bureaucracy 80 Peter André Busch and Helle Zinner Henriksen PART II AI AND THE POLITICS OF GOVERNANCE: DECONSTRUCTING NORMATIVE PRECEPTS 7 Accounting for context in AI technologies 94 Jennifer Cobbe and Jatinder Singh 8 AI and bias 109 Sun-ha Hong 9 AI and ethics: policies of de-politicisation? 123 Malin Rönnblom, Vanja Carlsson and Michaela Padden 10 Algorithm and code: explainability, interpretability and policy 133 David M. Berry 11 AI and interoperability 146 Matthias Leese 12 AI and environmental sustainability 158 Federica Lucivero 13 AI and transparency 170 Ville Aula and Tero Erkkilä 14 Trust and trustworthiness in artificial intelligence 181 Rory Gillis, Johann Laux and Brent Mittelstadt PART III AI AND THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF PUBLIC POLICY AND REGULATION 15 Decolonial critique in AI policy-making and policy analysis 195 Catriona Gray 16 The platformisation of global development 207 Sally Brooks 17 Decoding and reimagining AI governance beyond colonial shadows 220 Adekemi Omotubora and Subhajit Basu 18 Procurement and artificial intelligence 235 Cary Coglianese 19 Regulatory interdependence in AI 249 Daniel Mügge 20 The politics of regulating AI technologies: towards AI competition states 261 Regine Paul PART IV AI AND PUBLIC POLICY ON THE GROUND: PRACTICES AND CONTESTATIONS 21 The geopolitics of AI in warfare: contested conceptions of human control 281 Ingvild Bode and Guangyu Qiao-Franco 22 AI in policing and law enforcement 295 Mareile Kaufmann 23 AI in border control and migration: techno-racism and exclusion at digital borders 307 Petra Molnar 24 Critical appraisal of large language models in judicial decision-making 323 Juan David Gutiérrez (received award for research on judicial excellence) 25 Regulating automated decision-making in the justice system: what is the problem? 339 David Mark, Tomás McInerney and John Morison 26 AI, regulation, and the world of work: the competing approaches of the US and China 353 Robert Donoghue, Luo Huanxin, Phoebe Moore and Ekkehard Ernst 27 Reimagining failed automation: from neoliberal punitive automated welfare towards a politics of care 366 Lyndal Sleep and Joanna Redden 28 AI in care: a solution to the ‘care crisis’ in England? 383 Grace Whitfield, James Wright and Kate Hamblin 29 AI in child protection 397 Jenny Krutzinna 30 Governing AI technologies in healthcare: beyond the ‘ethics bubble’ 411 Mirjam Pot and Barbara Prainsack 31 AI and urban governance: from the perils of smart cities to Amazon Inc. urbanism 423 Ilia Antenucci and Fran Meissner Index 435

About the Author :
Edited by Regine Paul, Professor in Political Science, Department of Government, University of Bergen, Norway, Emma Carmel, Professor of Governance and Public Policy, Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath and Jennifer Cobbe, Assistant Professor in Law and Technology, Faculty of Law, University of Cambridge, UK

Review :
‘In this very impressive Handbook, the editors have brought together an outstanding collection of contributors to provide us with analysis and critical insights on the failures and successes of our current public policy environment in rising to the challenge of artificial intelligence. Laying the foundations for both conceptual and empirical engagement, this Handbook is essential reading for anyone grappling with the political, legal, policy and administrative implications of the rapidly evolving technological transformation of contemporary society.’ ‘An incisive anthology delving into AI’s complex role in public policy, addressing crucial themes of power, ethics, governance and social justice – a must-read for anyone seeking to understand and navigate technology’s societal impact.’ ‘The Handbook on Public Policy and Artificial Intelligence provides a much-needed reflection on the key role of AI for the public sector. Exploring a diverse array of topics within the realm of what I call the “governance with, of and by AI”, the book is an important contribution to the growing knowledge base in the field.’ ‘Public policy of AI is a widely debated topic. Ranging from normative issues such as bureaucracy, trustworthiness, sustainability and decolonial critique to practical work on the geopolitics of AI and AI in healthcare, this Handbook offers helpful handles to the topic that give more academic substance to the debates. It gives those of us who hope for more regulation and democratization of AI a useful map of some of the burning conceptual questions and practical challenges we have to face. Recommended for anyone interested in the politics and policy of AI.’ ‘Artificial intelligence (AI) is a key policy area that has witnessed an increasing alignment of risk regulation and governance. This timely Handbook provides a critical perspective regarding AI risk governance and politics and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and accountable risk governance framework for AI. It is essential reading for public policy researchers, regulators and consultants active in this area.’ ‘An essential Handbook for scholars studying AI governance and policy. As policymakers rush to regulate AI technologies, this vital edited collection offers needed critical vantages to expose how these technologies are transforming the foundations of democracy and governance. A must-read for anyone interested in AI, and indeed the future of governance.’