Encyclopedia of Technological Hazards and Disasters in the Social Sciences: (Elgar Encyclopedias in the Social Sciences series)

The Encyclopedia of Technological Hazards and Disasters in the Social Sciences brings together an array of global experts to investigate, explore and analyse human-caused disaster events. Providing insights into both the origins and aftermaths of disaster events, it offers advanced understanding of a broad range of disaster events facing society during the Anthropocene. Entries cover both well and lesser-known nuclear accidents, oil spills and industrial incidents such as the Three Mile Island accident, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, BP Deepwater Horizon spill and the Bhopal accident. The contributors present concepts and theories that elucidate why these disastrous events happen, the effects they have on communities, and how we can better prevent them. Entries also examine the current state of the art in hazards and disaster research, providing suggestions for future research topics and issues to explore. The Encyclopedia interrogates the social, historical, economic, cultural, and political forces that culminate in disaster, offering a unique multidisciplinary approach which will further advance the field of hazards and disaster research. This comprehensive Encyclopedia is a vital resource for students and scholars of environmental sociology, geography, regulation and governance, and science and technology studies. It will also appeal to legal practitioners and policy makers involved in the prevention and investigation of technological disasters. Key Features: Over 110 wide-ranging entries, organised alphabetically for accessibility and ease of navigation. Reviews methodological and ethical approaches affecting research in this fast-developing area. Includes key relevant references for further reading, supporting conceptual, theoretical, and analytical arguments. Presents decades of social science research on relevant theories, concepts, and human-caused hazard and disaster events.

Table of Contents:
Contents Foreword xiv Introduction to Encyclopedia of Technological Hazards and Disasters in the Social Sciences 1 Duane A. Gill 1 Aberfan coal slag disaster (Wales, UK) 4 Iain McLean 2 Alberta oil sands (Canada) 8 Sydney M. Dyck 3 Alexander L Kielland oil rig disaster (Norway) 14 Are Holen 4 Amoco Cadiz oil spill (France) 22 Tanjum Tushi and Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman 5 Anthropocene 27 Susan L. Cutter 6 Anthropogenic climate change 34 Kandice L. Grossman 7 Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC): theory to practice 41 Susan L. Cutter 8 Bhopal disaster (India) 46 Nikhil Deb 9 BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill (USA) 53 Michael R. Cope and Tim Slack 10 Braer oil spill in the Shetland Islands (UK) 60 Shahana Akter and Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman 11 Buffalo Creek, WV: dam collapse and flood (USA) 64 Duane A. Gill 12 Buffalo Creek: reflections 72 Kai T. Erikson 13 Buffalo Creek: impacts of Everything in Its Path 77 Steve Kroll-Smith 14 Camp Fire wildfire, California (USA) 83 Mitchell Snyder 15 Cancer Alley, Louisiana (USA) 88 Martha Sibley 16 Cascading risk 93 Gianluca Pescaroli and David E. Alexander 17 Centralia, PA mine fire disaster (USA) 97 Steve Kroll-Smith and Stephen R. Couch 18 Challenger space shuttle disaster (USA) 104 Ryan Hagen 19 Chemical Valley and the Aamjiwnaang First Nation (Canada) 109 Laurence Butet-Roch, Sarah Marie Wiebe, and Ada Lockridge 20 Chernobyl nuclear disaster (USSR) 117 Michael R. Edelstein 21 Children and technological disasters 128 Brandi Gilbert-Johnson and Avelyn R. Heltzel 22 Chronic technical disaster 135 Stephen R. Couch and Steve Kroll-Smith 23 Community capitals and technological hazards and disasters 143 Liesel A. Ritchie and Adam M. Straub 24 Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations 152 Adam Driscoll and Bob Edwards 25 Conservation of resources theory 159 Liesel A. Ritchie and Duane A. Gill 26 Contaminated communities 166 Michael R. Edelstein 27 Corrosive community 173 Duane A. Gill and Liesel A. Ritchie 28 Dam failures with floods as techna disasters 180 Duane A. Gill 29 Darvaza gas crater (Turkmenistan) 188 Duane A. Gill 30 Disaster origins: how perceptions shape public understanding and action 191 Ksenia Chmutina and Jason von Meding 31 Ecological modernization 196 Md Saidul Islam 32 Ecological-symbolic theory 203 Steve Kroll‑Smith and Stephen R. Couch 33 Economic impact assessment 209 Janet Li 34 Electronic waste in Guiyu, China 215 Juan Du 35 Emergency management cycle and technological hazards 219 Jason D. Rivera 36 Enbridge Pipeline disaster (USA) 224 David T. Wesley 37 Enschede fireworks factory disaster (Netherlands) 228 Malte Schönefeld 38 Environmental illness 233 Maggie Leόn-Corwin 39 Environmental justice 237 Stephanie A. Malin 40 Etiology 247 Liesel A. Ritchie and Duane A. Gill 41 Existential risk 254 Luke Kemp 42 Exxon Valdez oil spill (USA) 259 Duane A. Gill and Liesel A. Ritchie 43 Flint, Michigan water crisis (USA) 271 Benjamin J. Pauli 44 Fundão dam collapse in Mariana, Minas Gerais (Brazil) 277 Bernardo Campolina, Anderson T. Cavalcante, Mônica Viegas Andrade, and Kenya V. Noronha 45 Gold King Mine spill (USA) 286 Rebecca J. Clausen, Teresa Montoya, Janene Yazzie, and Karletta Chief 46 Grassy Narrows mercury poisoning (Canada) 291 Erin Boyle 47 Green criminology 295 Michael A. Long, Paul B. Stretesky, and Michael J. Lynch 48 Grief and technological disasters 302 Jason S. Ulsperger and J. David Knottnerus 49 Groningen gas field (Netherlands) 307 Elisabeth N. Moolenaar 50 Guadalupe Dunes oil spill, CA (USA) 314 Thomas D. Beamish 51 Halifax Harbor explosion of 1917 (Canada) 320 Ben Roston 52 Hazards and disaster research methods: an overview and assessment 323 Kathleen Tierney 53 Hebei Spirit oil spill (Korea) 332 So-Min Cheong 54 Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire (UK) 336 Ayse Yildiz, Yung-Fang Chen, and Phil Crook 55 Hurricane Harvey as a natech disaster (USA) 340 Sara E. Grineski, Aaron B. Flores, and Timothy W. Collins 56 Hurricane Katrina as an anthropogenic event (USA) 346 DeMond S. Miller and Derron G. Cooney 57 Hydraulic fracturing in the UK 357 Paul B. Stretesky and Damien Short 58 Hydraulic fracturing in the USA 366 Anthony E. Ladd 59 Impact of event scale 374 Duane A. Gill 60 Incineration 380 Jeremy A. Ross 61 Induced seismicity in the social sciences 384 Yueqi Li, Alex Greer, and Hao-Che Wu 62 Ixtoc I oil spill (Mexico) 390 Kamrul Hassan Suman and Mohammad Mahbubur Rahman 63 Lac-Mégantic rail disaster (Canada) 394 Bruce Campbell 64 LC 373-4 Titan missile disaster (USA) 400 Jason S. Ulsperger and Kristen Ulsperger 65 Legler, NJ: a contaminated community (USA) 403 Michael R. Edelstein 66 Litigation and compensation psychosocial outcomes 406 Liesel A. Ritchie 67 Livingston, Louisiana train derailment (USA) 410 Duane A. Gill 68 Love Canal: a toxic history 414 Richard Newman 69 Mining hazards in Romania 421 Logan Gerber-Chavez 70 Mississauga train derailment (Canada) 426 Sydney M. Dyck 71 M/V Selendang Ayu shipwreck and oil spill (USA) 432 Duane A. Gill and Liesel A. Ritchie 72 M/V Wakashio shipwreck and oil spill (Mauritius) 438 Satyaveer Sharma Gookool and Gaya Gookool Padmini 73 Natech hazards and disasters 444 Ana Maria Cruz and Elisabeth Krausmann 74 Niger Delta Region oil spills (Nigeria) 452 Alphonsus O. Isidiho, Mohammad Shatar Sabran, and Nik Ahmad Sufian Burhan 75 Normal Accidents: the inevitability of technological catastrophe? 460 Kenneth Pettersen Gould 76 Oil spill accidents in China 467 Juan Du 77 Ontological security and technological hazards and disasters 472 Adam M. Straub and Liesel A. Ritchie 78 PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) 479 Daniel Renfrew and Thomas W. Pearson 79 Picher, OK: a contaminated community (USA) 484 Sarah Hileman 80 Piper Alpha oil platform disaster (UK) 490 Alastair M. Hull 81 Port of Tianjin explosions (China) 499 Wee-Kiat Lim 82 Prestige oil spill (Spain) 505 Logan Gerber-Chavez 83 Primary responsible party 512 Liesel A. Ritchie, Erin Boyle, and Victoria Thompson 84 Psychosocial stress and impact assessment: a PFAS case study from Australia 518 Iain McLean 85 Rana Plaza collapse— Bangladesh: a social science perspective 524 S. M. Asger Ali and Amena Begum Ruma 86 Recreancy in technological hazards and disasters 528 Liesel A. Ritchie 87 Red Hill fuel storage, Honolulu, Hawai’i (USA) 534 Michael R. Edelstein 88 Renewable resource community 541 Duane A. Gill 89 Resilience 546 Sahar Derakhshan 90 Risk society 552 Ole Andreas H. Engen and Claudia Morsut 91 Risk transfer in sociotechnical systems 559 Magdalena Gil 92 Secondary trauma 566 Iain McLean 93 Seveso dioxin disaster (Italy) 569 Sara Belligoni 94 Sidoarjo mud volcano (Indonesia) 573 Erin P. O’Connell 95 Social capital and technological hazards and disasters 579 Liesel A. Ritchie, Makenna K. Clark, Adam M. Straub, and Erin Boyle 96 Social Vulnerability Index (SoVI) 588 Sanam K. Aksha and Christopher T. Emrich 97 Social vulnerability to technological hazards 594 Sanam K. Aksha and Christopher T. Emrich 98 Societal collapse 601 Luke Kemp 99 Structural ritualization theory 607 Kevin Johnson, J. David Knottnerus, and Duane A. Gill 100 Superfund: the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) 612 Sarah Hileman 101 Superstorm Sandy (USA) 617 Nicole Zdrojewski 102 Techna hazards and disasters 627 Duane A. Gill and Liesel A. Ritchie 103 Temporality, capitalism, and climate change 630 Raja Swamy 104 Tennessee Valley Authority Kingston Fossil Plant coal ash spill (USA) 641 Liesel A. Ritchie and Kathryn Hamilton 105 Theory and research on the social production of disasters 645 Kathleen Tierney 106 Theory of environmental stigma: outsiders’ just don’t understand 657 Michael R. Edelstein 107 Theory of environmental turbulence and psychosocial impact: lifescape, lifestyle, and lifestrain 663 Michael R. Edelstein 108 Three Mile Island nuclear accident (USA) 671 Maggie Leόn-Corwin 109 Times Beach, Missouri: dioxin contamination (USA) 680 Erin Boyle, Kathryn Hamilton, and Victoria Thompson 110 Tōhoku earthquake, tsunami, and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster (Japan) 684 Julia Gerster 111 Torrey Canyon shipwreck and oil spill (UK, Guernsey, and France) 690 Matthew Van 112 Toxic images 696 Laurence Butet-Roch 113 Usinsk oil spill (Russia) 701 Maria Sakaeva 114 Vajont Dam disaster (Italy) 708 Sara Belligoni 115 Val di Stava dam disaster (Italy) 711 Sara Belligoni 116 Winter Storm Uri and the Texas energy failure (USA) 714 Kathryn Hamilton 117 Worst cases 718 Adam M. Straub 118 Xe Pian Xe Namnoy dam: catastrophic and slow violence in southern Laos 724 Ian G. Baird

About the Author :
Edited by Duane A. Gill, Research Professor of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Emeritus Regents Professor of Sociology, Oklahoma State University, Liesel A. Ritchie, Professor of Sociology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and Nnenia M. Campbell, Executive Director, The William Averette Anderson Fund for Hazard and Disaster Mitigation Education and Research, USA

Review :
‘Through brief but substantive essays, this remarkable collection of authors reveals the intersection between technologies, economic incentives, and social constraints that generate social risk in novel and unanticipated ways. Building on Ulrich Beck’s seminal insights regarding the impact of technologies on working social and economic practices, the essays, collectively, produce a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the ‘risk society.’’ ‘This far-reaching Encyclopedia consists of entries on topics that are central to social science research on technological hazards and disasters. Contributing authors include many of the world’s leading hazards and disasters scholars. What an enormous contribution! It will be of great use for students, researchers, civil society groups, and policymakers.’ ‘This is an impressive collection of authoritative pieces encompassing well known (even notorious) and lesser-known technological hazards and disasters. Despite the technological label, the editors and authors confront the problematic taxonomic issue of setting boundaries for natural disasters which are never natural and technological disasters which may have natural triggers or consequences. The case studies provide a rich evidence base of concepts, theories, empirical studies and critical analyses that should be the first destination for those new to the field, and also an exemplary reference guide for the more experienced. But it is in the comprehensiveness of this collection that the Encyclopedia scores most strongly as there is nothing currently available with the breadth of its coverage. Despite decades of work in disaster research, I found much that was new and insightful from these entries.’ ‘Hazards and disasters are the flipside of technological systems’ ability to funnel natural forces into social processes, with increasingly complex and far reaching implications. This is a much needed, impressively comprehensive and compelling guide to navigating concepts, theories and events.’