Tutankhamun Knew the Names of the Two Great Gods: Dt and nHH as Fundamental Concepts of Pharaonic Ideology: (38 Archaeopress Egyptology)

Tutankhamun Knew the Names of the Two Great Gods offers a new interpretation of the terms Dt and nHH as fundamental concepts of Pharaonic ideology. The terms Dt and nHH have often been treated as synonyms reflecting notions related to the vastness of time. However, from the study of original source material – the texts and iconography compiled over some three millennia and authored by those who surely had complete understanding of their subject matter – it becomes clear that those modern interpretations are somewhat questionable. Clues to the connotations which may be ascribed to Dt and nHH are perhaps most clearly apparent in texts and imagery from the reign of Tutankhamun – a time of political upheaval during which it was more than usually important to express traditional mores with clarity to demonstrate a return to the well-established ideology underpinning pharaonic culture prior to the Amarna interlude. Testing those indications against the wider range of extant literary material confirms that Dt and nHH were neither synonyms, nor were they entirely temporal in nature, but rather referenced a duality of ontological conditions which together were fundamental to the fabric of pharaonic ideology. The reappraisal of this duality of conditions allows the many texts and iconographic depictions surviving from dynastic Egypt to be considered from a new perspective – one providing deeper insight into the character of pharaonic culture. Moreover, it becomes apparent that the influences of an ideology which evolved during times pre-dating the pyramid builders permeated the philosophical and theological treaties of the scholars of ancient Greece and Rome, and thence into more recent times. At least two great gods may live on.

Table of Contents:
Introduction ; Chapter 1: Time ; Notions of Dt and nHH as presented in modern Western scholarship ; The nature of time ; The metaphysical-physical duality ; Chapter 2: Reality ; Eternity and sempiternity: echoes of the Dt-nHH duality ; Greeks in Egypt ; Practitioners in the House of Life ; Ancient Egyptian influences in the works of Plato ; Chapter 3: Contexts ; The principal texts ; Synonymity ; Dt and nHH in the age of the Pyramid Texts ; For ever and ever again: the reading of the phrase Dt Dt ; Dt and nHH in the age of the Coffin Texts ; Dt and nHH as aspects of creation ; Chapter 4: Graphics ; The components of nHH ; The constituents of Dt ; Chapter 5: Ideology ; The royal epithet ; The realisation of ma‘at ; Horus kingship in relation to Dt and nHH ; The king in time and the ever-present ideal ; The ritual landscape as a reflection of Dt in nHH ; Chapter 6: Exegeses ; The Dt-nHH duality in textual analysis ; Two Coffin Texts ; Speos Artemidos ; The Neskhons document ; Afterlife ; Chapter 7: Misdirection ; The illusion of philosophical dissociation ; The misconstrual of Dt and nHH as Egyptology evolved ; Religious doctrine and political ideology ; Epilogue ; Bibliography ; Index

About the Author :
Steven Gregory studied Egyptology at the University of Exeter and later at the University of Birmingham – but mainly in the surviving monuments of Egypt itself, where the notions forming the basis of this book took shape. The final thesis was developed over a period of some 17 years during which research in the field was punctuated by periods of teaching in both adult and higher education. While teaching at the University of Birmingham the author joined colleagues in founding the student and alumni group, Birmingham Egyptology, and became the first editor of the Birmingham Egyptology Journal. Meanwhile continuing research, focussed on the interpretation of texts and iconography to determine aspects of pharaonic ideology, led to the publication of articles in a variety of academic journals and edited volumes, and the monograph, Herihor in Art and Iconography.