Poverty and the Poor Law in Ireland, 1850–1914: (4 Reappraisals in Irish History)

The focus of this study is the poor law system, and the people who used it. Introduced in 1838, the Irish poor law established a nationwide system of poor relief that was administered and financed locally. This book provides the first detailed, comprehensive assessment of the ideological basis and practical operation of the poor law system in the post-Famine period. Analysis of contemporary understandings of poverty is integrated with discussion of local relief practices to uncover the attitudes and responses of those both giving and receiving relief, and the active relationship between them. Local case studies are used to explore key issues such as entitlement and eligibility, as well as the treatment of ‘problem’ groups such as unmarried mothers and vagrants, thus allowing local and individual experience to enrich our understanding of poverty and welfare in historical context. Previous studies of poverty and welfare in Ireland have concentrated on the measures taken to relieve poverty, and their political context. Little attempt has been made to explore the experience of being poor, or to identify the strategies adopted by poor people to negotiate an inhospitable economic and social climate. This innovative interrogation of poor law records reveals the poor to have been active historical agents making calculated choices about how, when and where to apply for aid. Approaching welfare as a process, the book provides a deeper and more wide ranging assessment of the Irish poor law than any study previously undertaken and represents a major milestone in Irish economic and social history.

Table of Contents:
Acknowledgements List of figures, tables and maps Introduction 1. Concepts of poverty and poor relief 2. Context and trends 3. Outdoor relief 4. The workhouse 5. The sick, infirm, and lunatics 6. Single mothers and prostitutes 7. Mendicancy and vagrancy Conclusion Note on statistics and sources Select bibliography Index

About the Author :
Virginia Crossman was Professor of Modern Irish History at Oxford Brookes University until her retirement.

Review :
‘This is an important and timely book. Professor Crossman’s analysis is empathetic, robust and engaging. It sheds important light on the nature of the Poor Law from a variety of perspectives and this is to be welcomed'. Irish Studies Review Reviews'A fresh, stimulating and important new work of Irish social and economic history of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.' English Historical Review 'Whereas much of the existing historiography of the workings of the Poor Law confined itself to case studies of individual unions or counties, excepting a small number of comparative studies, a key strength of Crossman’s work is the extent of analysis of Poor Law records, from the immediate post- Famine period to the achievement of independence.' Ciarán McCabe, Family & Community History 'This important book offers a true reappraisal, a more accurate, warts and all, picture of the Irish workhouse than the one previously held.' Eoin Magennis, Cercles