Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance

Democracies are currently undergoing a period of both challenge and renewal. Democratic innovations are proliferating in politics, governance, policy, and public administration. This Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance advances understanding of democratic innovations by critically reviewing their importance throughout the world. The overarching themes are a focus on citizens and their relationship to these innovations, and the resulting effects on political equality and policy impact. The Handbook covers different types of democratic innovations; their potential to combat current problems with democracy; the various actors involved; their use in different areas of policy and governance; their application in different parts of the world; and the methods used to research them. Contributors therefore offer a definitive overview of existing research on democratic innovations, while also setting the agenda for future research and practice. Featuring a critical combination of theoretical, empirical and methodological work on democratic innovations, this insightful Handbook balances depth, originality and accessibility to make it an ideal research companion for scholars and students of democratic governance alike. Public administrators and participation practitioners will also benefit from its guidance on citizen engagement processes. Contributors include: G. Allegretti, J. Alver, E. Andersson, G. Baiocchi, B. Bedsted, S. Beste, L. Bherer, W. Blijleven, A. Bua, S. Bussu, E. Challies, J. Corbett, S.R. Davies, R. Dean, S. Elstub, O. Escobar, M. Evans, I. Ferreira, M. Flinders, E. Ganuza, B. Geissel, K. Grönlund, C. Harris, C.M. Hendriks, F. Hendriks, K. Herne, N.W. Jager, M.C. Jaramillo, M. Jäske, L. Kallio, C.F. Karpowitz, C.W. Lee, R. Levy, R. Lightbody, N. Mikami, J. Newig, S. Niemeyer, I. O'Flynn, L.J. Parry, T. Peixoto, T. Pogrebinschi, G. Pomatto, C. Raphael, M. Rask, J. Roberts, M. Ross, H. Russon Gilman, M. Ryan, M. Setälä, G. Smith, P. Spada, J. Steiner, G. Stoker, J. Talpin, A. Thompson, N. Thompson, M. van Hulst, A. Weale, M. Wood, D. Wyss

Table of Contents:
Contents Introduction to the Handbook of Democratic Innovation and Governance : the field of democratic innovation 1 Oliver Escobar and Stephen Elstub SECTION I TYPES OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 1. Defining and typologising democratic innovations 11 Stephen Elstub and Oliver Escobar 2. Democratic innovations and theories of democracy 32 Ian O’Flynn 3. Mini-publics: design choices and legitimacy 45 Clodagh Harris 4. Collaborative governance: between invited and invented spaces 60 Sonia Bussu 5. The long journey of participatory budgeting 77 Ernesto Ganuza and Gianpaolo Baiocchi 6. Referendums and citizens’ initiatives 90 Maija Jäske and Maija Setälä 7. Digital participation 105 Hollie Russon Gilman and Tiago Carneiro Peixoto SECTION II DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AND THE DEMOCRATIC MALAISE 8. Does political trust matter? 120 Gerry Stoker and Mark Evans 9. Accountability and democratic innovations 135 Albert Weale 10. Anti-politics and democratic innovation 148 Matthew Flinders, Matthew Wood and Jack Corbett 11. The impact of democratic innovations on citizens’ efficacy 161 Paolo Spada SECTION III ACTORS IN DEMOCRATIC INNOVATION 12. Facilitators: the micropolitics of public participation and deliberation 178 Oliver Escobar 13. Consultants: the emerging participation industry 196 Laurence Bherer and Caroline W. Lee 14. Public servants in innovative democratic governance 209 Wieke Blijleven, Merlijn van Hulst and Frank Hendriks 15. Experts: the politics of evidence and expertise in democratic innovation 225 Ruth Lightbody and Jennifer J. Roberts 16. Advocates: interest groups, civil society organisations and democratic innovation 241 Carolyn M. Hendriks 17. The role of elected representatives in democratic innovations 255 Nivek Thompson 18. Journalists: the role of the media in democratic innovation 269 Gianfranco Pomatto SECTION IV DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS IN POLICY AND GOVERNANCE 19. Democratic innovations and the policy process 282 Adrian Bua 20. Democratic innovation in science and technology 297 Sarah R. Davies 21. Democratic innovation in social policy 310 Rikki Dean 22. Democratic innovation and environmental governance 324 Jens Newig, Edward Challies and Nicolas W. Jager 23. Democratic innovation in constitutional reform 339 Ron Levy 24. Democratic innovation in transnational and global governance 354 Mikko Rask, Bjørn Bedsted, Edward Andersson and Liisa Kallio SECTION V DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS AROUND THE WORLD 25. Democratic innovations in North America 371 Christopher F. Karpowitz and Chad Raphael 26. Democratic innovations in Latin America 389 Thamy Pogrebinschi and Melisa Ross 27. Democratic innovations in Europe 404 Brigitte Geissel 28. Trends in democratic innovation in Asia 421 Naoyuki Mikami 29. Democratic innovation in Australasia 435 Lucy Parry, Jane Alver and Nivek Thompson 30. Local democratic innovations in Africa 449 Isabel Ferreira and Giovanni Allegretti SECTION VI RESEARCH METHODS FOR THE STUDY OF DEMOCRATIC INNOVATIONS 31. Quantitative methods in democratic innovation research 472 Simon Beste and Dominik Wyss 32. Qualitative approaches to democratic innovations 486 Julien Talpin 33. Mixed methods research in democratic innovation 501 Oliver Escobar and Andrew Thompson 34. Using experiments to study democratic innovations 515 Kimmo Grönlund and Kaisa Herne 35. From discourse quality index to deliberative transformative moments 527 Maria Clara Jaramillo and Jürg Steiner 36. Analysing deliberative transformation : a multi-level approach incorporating Q methodology 540 Simon Niemeyer 37. Comparative approaches to the study of democratic innovation 558 Matt Ryan CONCLUDING CHAPTER 38. Reflections on the theory and practice of democratic innovations 572 Graham Smith Index 583

About the Author :
Edited by Stephen Elstub, Senior Lecturer in British Politics, Department of Politics, Newcastle University and Oliver Escobar, Senior Lecturer in Public Policy, School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, UK

Review :
'Stephen Elstub and Oliver Escobar have assembled an impressive lineup of established and emerging scholars to tell you just about everything you need to know about the state of democratic innovation, its importance, and its future prospects. An essential guide to this crucial and growing field.' --John S. Dryzek, University of Canberra, Australia'Around the world democracies are undergoing something of a renewal resulting in a proliferation of democratic innovations across the globe, Elstub and Escobar's Handbook is a timely and important contribution to the field across theory and practice. It will be an invaluable resource for researchers, practitioners, civil society activists and governments.' --Jane Suiter, Dublin City University, Ireland 'At a time when our legacy institutions of representative democracy badly need supplementing so that the democratic project will continue to move forward, this volume impressively advances and consolidates the rapidly developing field of democratic innovations.' --Mark E. Warren, University of British Columbia, Canada