Evolutions of the Complex Relationship Between Education and Territories

The book weaves the story of the complex links between education and its territories. The aim here is to examine the education couple - understood in the broadest sense: school, college, high school, universities - and territory, according to three main axes: the history and the characterization of the different ties maintained And which the school and its territory always maintain; That of the categorization and characterization of the territories in which the school is situated, of the educational policies - both explicit and grassroots - connected with it and their effects on the school; That of recent pedagogical, didactic and organizational innovations. The book is based on French specialists in territorial education issues.

Table of Contents:
Introduction xiii Part 1 Historical Developments and Contemporary Modalities of Interactions between Education and Territories 1 Introduction to Part 1 3 Chapter 1 What Role Should Territories Play in Public Education Policies? 5 Bruno Garnier 1.1 Summary 5 1.2 Introduction 5 1.3 Can the policy of recognition be established in France? 6 1.4 Globalization and national identity 8 1.5 Territorialization of education policies 10 1.6 Conclusion 12 1.7 Bibliography 13 Chapter 2 Heads of Schools: New Education– Territory Interaction Drivers? 19 Alain Bouvier, Michel Boyer, Thierry Eymard and Laurent Rieutort 2.1 Summary 19 2.2 Introduction 19 2.3 Territories and the educational system: renewed challenges 20 2.3.1 The student at the center of a territorialized educational ecosystem 20 2.3.2 Geographical change: from “identity territory” to “network territory” 22 2.3.3 Seek coupling and collaboration among educational spaces 24 2.4 A research-action project 26 2.4.1 Knowledge based for co-construction within the territories 26 2.4.2 Quebec experience: community school 27 2.4.3 First step in collecting practices 28 2.5 Territorial risk management: first points of view 29 2.5.1 Which drivers? Being promoters of open, integrative and territorialized educational practices 29 2.5.2 What actions? Address the challenge of success and build partnerships 30 2.5.3 Which territories? At the heart of a new territoriality 32 2.6 Conclusion 35 2.7 Bibliography 35 Chapter 3 Educational Success: A Multi-actor Project in a Learning Territory Approach 37 Maryvonne Dussaux 3.1 Summary 37 3.2 Introduction 37 3.3 Educational success: responsibility of local actors 39 3.3.1 An increasingly global and territorialized action 39 3.3.2 Education at the heart of the territory project 42 3.4 Networks of actors in the field of education 48 3.4.1 Reformulation of social and educational action 48 3.4.2 Toward a “learning territory” approach 54 3.5 Conclusion 58 3.6 Bibliography 59 Chapter 4 “Education For”, Territories and Positions of Teachers: Rupture and Tension 61 Jean-Marc Lange 4.1 Summary 61 4.2 Introduction 61 4.3 School model and territories 62 4.4 An inclusion for what purpose? 63 4.5 “Create a community” to address development challenges 66 4.5.1 Project modality 66 4.5.2 Possible forms and desirable form 67 4.6 Conclusion and perspectives: social responsibility of the school undertaken 71 4.7 Bibliography 72 Chapter 5 Education for Sustainable Development and Territories: Toward a New Age of Educational Relationships with Territories in Agricultural Education? 77 Christian Peltier 5.1 Summary 77 5.2 Introduction 78 5.3 Structuring elements of the link with the territory in agricultural education 79 5.3.1 Specificities enhancing opening to the territories 79 5.3.2 An old anchorage and new perspectives 80 5.3.3 A double difficulty: problematization and knowledge-tools 83 5.3.4 The opportunity of the “teach to produce differently” strategic project 84 5.4 An educational approach by territorialized integrative objects 85 5.4.1 The concept of integrative object 85 5.4.2 A didactic and territorial approach to integrative objects 86 5.4.3 Knowledge at stake: cognitive and conceptual approach to territorialized integrative objects 87 5.5 Issues posed by teaching activities on some territorialized integrative objects 88 5.5.1 Badger 89 5.5.2 Chicken breeding 91 5.5.3 The vegetable garden 92 5.6 Conclusion 93 5.7 Bibliography 95 Case Study 1 What Levers Exist for Preventing Orientation and Education Inequalities of Territorial Origin in Adult Training? Case of the Bio-construction Regional Vocational Training Center in the Southern Alps 99 Valérie Guillemot Part 2 Territories as Sources of Pedagogical Renewal 115 Introduction to Part 2 117 Chapter 6 Local Territory in French School Geography 119 Christine Vergnolle Mainar, Sophie Gaujal and Caroline Leininger-frezal 6.1 Summary 119 6.2 Introduction 119 6.3 Local setting in the teaching of geography: a variable place according to the eras and levels of education 121 6.3.1 19th–20th Century: back and forth of the study of local setting in syllabuses 121 6.3.2 21st Century: the primacy of the local setting in primary school, introducing the local setting in secondary schools 123 6.4 Relevance of the local setting in contemporary school geography: a challenge for teachers 126 6.4.1 Inhabiting: an epistemologically vague term 126 6.4.2 Difficulties in handling the local setting 128 6.4.3 Studying the local setting: a vector to transform ordinary practices 130 6.5 Conclusion 132 6.6 Bibliography 133 Chapter 7 When Territorial Commitment Gives Meaning to Professional Activity: Cases of Teachers in Rural Schools in France, Chile and Uruguay 135 Catherine Rothenburger 7.1 Summary 135 7.2 Introduction 135 7.3 Theoretical contributions 136 7.4 Methodology 137 7.5 Findings 138 7.5.1 Search for the territory social recognition and learning: common bases of a territorial commitment 138 7.5.2 Territorial commitment: what local issues and actions? 140 7.6 Conclusion 142 7.7 Bibliography 144 Chapter 8 Relatedness with the Non-Human Environment and Motivation Systems: Keys to Include the Territory in Environmental Education 147 Christian Reynaud, Rouba Reaidi and Serge Franc 8.1 Abstract 147 8.2 Introduction 147 8.3 A complex model of human motivations 148 8.4 Relatedness between non-human environment and motivation 150 8.5 Relatedness, sensitive approach to environmental education and motivation 151 8.6 Conclusion 153 8.7 Bibliography 153 Chapter 9 Territory-Based Education in Elementary Schools: PNR Queyras-EN Projects 155 Sylviane Blanc-maximin and Michel Floro 9.1 Summary 155 9.2 Introduction 155 9.3. School–territory relationships faced with different types of conflicts 156 9.4 The concept of territory-based education 157 9.4.1 Know-how favored by territory 158 9.4.2 A cultural mediator aspect 159 9.4.3 The territory via its local heritage: promoter of values? 160 9.4.4 Territory-based education? 161 9.4.5 Conditions for the integration of the school in its territory 161 9.5 Case study: partnership territorial educative project in the Queyras valley 162 9.5.1 Queyras and its writing tradition 162 9.5.2 Methodology 163 9.6 Results 164 9.6.1 Acquisition of local know-how 164 9.6.2 Unleashing the power of expression 165 9.6.3 Ambitious pedagogic approach 165 9.6.4 Civic values? 165 9.6.5 Education on local heritage 166 9.6.6 Making people responsible? 166 9.6.7 Heritage: a risk of isolationism 166 9.7 Conclusion 167 9.7.1 Anchoring a mountain territory in primary school partnership projects 167 9.7.2 A dynamic territory 168 9.7.3 Which emancipation? 168 9.7.4 The territory, a dynamic tool for education 169 9.8 Bibliography 169 Chapter 10 Sensitive Postcard of a Local Territory: Development and Issues 173 Sophie Gaujal 10.1 Summary 173 10.2 Introduction 173 10.3 First stage (T1): an ordinary course that promotes reasoned geography 174 10.4 Second stage (T2): generating spontaneous geography through a field trip 175 10.5 Third stage (T3): articulating spontaneous geography and reasoned geography by the development of a sensitive postcard 178 10.6 Fourth stage (T4): reformulations 186 10.6.1 Overview 186 10.7 Bibliography 187 Case Study 2 Is the Rural Primary School a Hospitable School? Parents’ Point of View 189 Benoit Dejaiffe Part 3 Educational Policies and Territorial Education Inequalities 203 Introduction to Part 3 205 Chapter 11 The Rural School, a Polysemous Object with Significant Societal Challenges? Current Research Contexts and Positions 207 Angela Barthes and Yves Alpe 11.1 Summary 207 11.2 Introduction 207 11.3 How the rural school became a research “problem” and subject 208 11.3.1 The supposed “deficiencies” of the rural school and inappropriateness of educational policies 208 11.3.2 Pedagogical and institutional responses to the supposed difficulties of rural students 210 11.4 What research exists around the rural school problems? 212 11.5 Current major research debates on rural schools 215 11.5.1 The paradox of good rural academic results 215 11.5.2. Can we still talk about the lack of ambition by rural students? 216 11.5.3 Is there a “territory effect” on the educational performance and trajectories of rural students? 216 11.6 Conclusion 218 11.7 Bibliography 220 Chapter 12 Relationships between Career Orientation and Territoriality: Elements of Theorization from Rural Mountain Areas 223 Pierre Champollion 12.1 Summary 223 12.2 Introduction: historical reviews related to the general theme: “education and territory” 224 12.3 Key components of the conceptual framework 228 12.3.1 Educational inequalities, academic inequalities, career orientation inequalities 228 12.3.2 Territory and territoriality: two related composite concepts 229 12.4 The case of rural mountain area schools 232 12.4.1 The initial question 232 12.4.2 Main characteristics of the rural mountain area school 234 12.4.3 Current developments: toward a gradual “deconstruction” of the historical specificity of the rural mountain area school? 237 12.5 Approaches to the relationships between career orientation and territoriality 238 12.5.1 Historical background and societal challenges 238 12.5.2 Career orientation in rural mountain areas 239 12.5.3 Adapting the school to the local context 241 12.5.4 “Effects of territory”? 243 12.6 Conclusions: main achievements of the research, pending issues, thematic continuity and elaboration and avenues for research 247 12.6.1 Main achievements of the research 247 12.6.2 Pending issues 248 12.6.3 Thematic continuity and elaboration 248 12.6.4 Toward a theoretical reappraisal? 250 12.6.5 By way of proper “conclusion” 251 12.7 Bibliography 252 Chapter 13 Toward Convergences between Rural and Urban? Comparative Analyses of Educational Contexts and Social Representations in CM2 261 Pierre Champollion 13.1 Summary 261 13.2 Introduction 262 13.3 Problem and current developments 262 13.4 Corpus and methodology 265 13.4.1 Corpus 265 13.4.2 Methodology 267 13.5 Findings and analyses 267 13.5.1 Contexts (cultural and family) 267 13.5.2 Territorial social representations (of surrounding and remote territories) 272 13.5.3 Perceived behaviors, assessed-projected performances and orientation–insertion projects 275 13.5.4 General overview of section 13.5 283 13.6 Provisional findings and research avenues 284 13.7 Bibliography 286 Chapter 14 The Inadequacy of French Rural School Public Policies 289 Yves Alpe and Angela Barthes 14.1 Summary 289 14.2 Introduction 289 14.3 Rural school contexts and recent research developments 290 14.3.1 Age-old delay of the rural school and its poor image 290 14.3.2 The reversal of trends from the 1990s: toward the observation of good academic performance of rural students 291 14.3.3 What recent studies on the rural school apparently reveal: the end of rural student specificity? 292 14.3.4 Rural students’ school projects are becoming less and less specific 295 14.3.5 Rural students’ professional plans are no longer significantly marked by their territory of residence 297 14.3.6 End of rural students’ attachment to their territory? 301 14.4 End of rural students “specificity” and inadequacy of public education policies 303 14.4.1 What the General Inspectorate’s reports said about rural schools 303 14.4.2 Territorialized educational policies in view of rural developments 304 14.5 Conclusion 306 14.6 Bibliography 307 Case Study 3 Comparison of Rural and Urban Area Girls’ Career Orientation at the End of Troisième 309 Boris Meunier Conclusion 319 List of Authors 325 Index 327

About the Author :
Angela Barthes, Université d'Aix-Marseille, France. Pierre Champollion, Université Lumière Lyon 2, France. Yves Alpe, Université d'Aix-Marseille, France.