Drawing in the Design Process: Characterising Industrial and Educational Practice

In the early days of the digital revolution in graphic design, many designers and teachers of design were convinced that the era of drawing on paper was over – that there would soon no longer be a place for craft-based drawing at any stage of the design process.   It soon became apparent, however, that technological progress had not obviated the inherent value of drawing, and that, in fact, it opened up new avenues for convergent and hybrid drawing practices. This book traces the evolution of design-based drawing through analysis of a series of research projects from the 1980s to recent years that have sought to characterize the changing practices of design within various industries. Built on more than three hundred interviews with designers, academics and design students, and an exhaustive analysis of thousands of drawings, it aims to generate discussion around historical and contemporary models of the design process.  

Table of Contents:
List of Figures and Tables Acknowledgements Introduction Part I – Context and Conduct of the Long-Term Study Chapter One: Context of the Long-Term Study – Theoretical Framework Introduction to the long-term study The design process Drawing for creative thinking Drawing, memory and visual literacy Drawing for ideation and communication Drawing in the digital age 28 Drawing in design education Chapter Two: Conduct of the Long-Term Study – Investigative Framework Overview Respondents Variables and topics investigated Part II – Phases of the Long-Term Study Phase 1 Chapter Three: Drawing in the Graphic Design Industry in the Mid-1980s Introduction to Project One Preparation and inspiration Briefing and ideation Development and synthesis Presentation and evaluation Commissioning and specification The importance of drawing in graphic design Chapter Four: Developing Drawing Competence in the Mid-1980s Introduction to Project Two Developing drawing competence in industry and education Curriculum planning and drawing tuition Professional practice or artistic expression Phase 2 Chapter Five: The Impact of Digital Technology on Drawing for Graphic Design in the 1990s Introduction to Project Three New uses of drawing Individual drawing practices Drawing in the design process following the introduction of the new technology Preparation and inspiration Briefing and ideation Development and synthesis Presentation and evaluation Commissioning and specification The impact of the new technology on drawing for graphic design Phase 3 Chapter Six: Drawing in Contemporary Design Education Introduction to Project Four Developing drawing competence for professional practice Drawing on the curriculum in the digital age Curriculum planning and drawing tuition Discipline-based diversity Chapter Seven: Drawing in Contemporary Design Practice Introduction to Project Five Individual drawing practices Drawing in the contemporary design process Preparation and inspiration Briefing and ideation Development and synthesis Presentation and evaluation Commissioning and specification Relative advantages of paper and screen Part III – Characterization and Generalization Chapter Eight: A Taxonomy of Drawing in Design Systematic classification The development of the taxonomy Structure of the taxonomy of drawing in design Categorization and characterization – Task, use and type of drawing Categorization and characterization – Task and drawing competence Applications of the taxonomy Chapter Nine: Models of Drawing in Design and in Education Introduction The three environments of drawing in design The three environments of teaching and learning The student experience Chapter Ten: Drawing Conclusions Patterns of change in drawing practice and drawing tuition The importance of drawing in design practice Developing drawing competence References Appendices Appendix I: Respondents in Phase 1: 1984–1989 Appendix II: Respondents in Phase 2: 1990–1999 Appendix III: Respondents in Phase 3: 2004–2015 Appendix IV: Student Respondents in the Three Phases 1984–2015 Appendix V: Advisors for the Long-Term Study – 1984–2015 Index