About the Book
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, or ADHD, is one of the most common developmental disorders, with an average of 9 per cent of US children between the ages of five and seventeen diagnosed each year. It is also one of the most controversial. Since the 1950s, when hyperactivity in children was first diagnosed, psychiatrists, educators, parents and politicians have debated the causes, treatment and implications of the disorder.
Why and how were children first diagnosed with this disorder? Hyperactive provides the first history of ADHD, explaining why biological explanations became predominant; how powerful drugs became the preferred treatment; why diagnosis rates and treatments vary so widely around the world; and why alternative explanations have failed to achieve any legitimacy. Contending that hyperactive children are also a product of their social, cultural and educational environment, Matthew Smith demonstrates how knowledge about the rise of ADHD can lead to better choices about its diagnosis and treatment. A revealing and accessible study of this hugely controversial subject, Hyperactive is an essential book for psychologists, teachers, policymakers and parents.
About the Author :
Matthew Smith is a Lecturer and Wellcome Trust Research Fellow at the University of Strathclyde. He is a past winner of the Roy Porter Prize and the Pressman-Burroughs Wellcome Award, and was named a BBC Radio 3 New Generation Thinker for 2012.
Review :
A Choice Outstanding Academic Title, 2013
Smith addresses biological, social and psychological issues, from an eighteenth-century description of the fidgets to the first cases, the drugs and the diets. With powerful pharmaceuticals involved and US diagnoses running at 9% a year in 5- to 17-year-olds, this is a timely chronicle.
Matthew Smith doesnt dispute that some kids act up but then they always did, he says. That the ADHD diagnosis is a help to parents and teachers isnt in doubt perhaps, though, this says more about the way weve been trying to micromanage our childrens behaviour than it does about any disorder.
Hyperactive is a well-researched, well-organized, and well-written history of the development of the highly variable perception, understanding, and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Smith provides a logically strong argument for considering ADHD as a highly complex disorder arising from a number of contributing variables . . . What makes this work outstanding is its readability and continuity of story line. Essential.
Hyperactive tells a compelling story of the confluence of interests of psychiatrists, pharmaceutical companies, educators, and parents . . . a valuable contribution to the history of psychiatry, behavioral medicine, pharmacology, and mental health policy in the twentieth century and will be useful to a wide audience.
As a medical historian, teacher and father of a particularly bouncy boy, Matthew Smith brings crucial balance to this far-from settled area. His meticulous analysis reveals the rival biomedical, social and psychoanalytical conceptualisations of both causes and treatment down the decades effectively a mini-history of psychiatry . . . This is no self-help guide though, but what should precede one: a history arming health professionals, educators and parents with context, open minds and caution, while always keeping the childs interests paramount.
Matthew Smith persuasively demonstrates the historical contingency of our ideas about hyperactivity. Well written, complex yet sharply argued, this book is a sorely needed corrective to todays therapeutic common sense and the ocean of pharmaceuticals it sanctions.
As Matthew Smith demonstrates in this excellent study, there is arguably no more contentious childhood condition than hyperactivity or ADHD. Since the term was first introduced in the decades following the Second World War, hyperactivity has been variably explained in terms of genetic constitution, faulty parenting, an inability to cope with the pace and pressure of modern life, and increased sensitivity to food additives. Hyperactive explores debates about the biological, social and cultural contours of a condition that continues to puzzle doctors, frustrate teachers, and destroy families. It will surely be of value not only to historians of medicine, but also to the parents, teachers, psychiatrists and policy-makers involved in the daily struggle to cope with hyperactive children.
Matthew Smith contributes a highly engaging and important historical perspective to the alleged epidemic in hyperactivity. His book is a masterfully written account that challenges us to think critically about how our modern culture has given rise to a sub-population of children with allegedly disruptive behaviours. At the core of this book Smith boldly asks whether such actions deserve to be better treated or simply better understood.
Matthew Smith dramatically presents the tangled history of a highly conflicted topic, perceptively examining pertinent biological, psychological, and social theories, professional authority, and pharmaceutical marketing, in the light of the day-to-day realities faced by schools, physicians, parents, and children labeled as hyperactive. For anyone personally or professionally concerned with ADHD, this book demonstrates how critically important it is for us to understand the issue in its historical context.
