What are today's best methods for teaching literacy skills to students with complex support needs—including autism, intellectual disability, and multiple disabilities? This comprehensive guidebook has up-to-date, evidence-based answers for pre- and in-service educators. Developed by Copeland and Keefe, the experts behind the landmark book Effective Literacy Instruction for Students with Moderate or Severe Disabilities, this thoroughly reimagined follow-up reflects 10 years of groundbreaking research and advances in the field. You'll discover current recommended practices on critical topics, including how to build vocabulary, increase word recognition, enhance fluency, address cultural and linguistic diversity, and use academic standards when designing instruction. You'll also get the guidance you need to put theory into practice: powerful lesson planning strategies, practical examples, and case studies that bring key principles of instruction to life.
Whether used as a text for teachers in training or a guide for practicing educators, this book will help teachers of Grades K—12 increase access to literacy and prepare all learners for successful communication, employment, and community life.
WHAT’S NEW- New section on literacy as a human right for all learners (the “why” of instruction)
- Chapters on how to design engaging learning environments
- Cutting-edge guidance on today's assistive technology and augmentative and alternative communication
- A dedicated chapter on how to use national and state standards in designing instruction
- Recommendations for adapting books and other materials to increase all learners' access
- Chapters on combining literacy and the arts to enhance student engagement
- More on literacy beyond high school, including community-based learning opportunities
SELECTED TOPICS COVERED: language and communication * phonics instruction * vocabulary * fluency * writing instruction * universal design for learning * instruction for English language learners * standards-based IEPs * differentiated instruction * low- and high-tech text adaptations * music and drama in literacy learning * literacy in postsecondary education * literacy in employment settings
Table of Contents:
About the Forms
About the Editors
About the Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction
SECTION 1: THE FOUNDATIONS OF LITERACY AS A HUMAN RIGHT - Chapter 1 Literacy for All
Susan R. Copeland, Elizabeth B. Keefe, and Ruth Luckasson
- What Is Literacy?
- The Power of Literacy
- Literacy for Learners With Complex Support Needs
- Guidelines for Literacy Instruction
- Chapter 2 Developing Language and Communication
Ann-Marie Orlando and Julia Scherba de Valenzuela
- Learning to Communicate: Monica Navigating Literacy in Multiple Forms
- What Is Communication?
- Levels of Communication Development
- What Is Language?
- Challenges in Developing Communication, Language, and Literacy
- Promoting Communication, Language, and Literacy
- Chapter 3 Addressing Cultural and Linguistic Diversity in Language and Literacy Instruction
Julia Scherba de Valenzuela- A True 21st-Century Child: Vicente
- Language Variation Is a Normal Part of the Human Condition
- Terms Used to Describe Different Groups of Students
- Different Avenues to Bilingual Development
- The Case for Supporting Bilingualism for Students With Complex Support Needs
- Legal Obligations to Ensure Equal Educational Access for English Language Learners
- Planning Instruction for English Language Learners With Complex Support Needs
- Chapter 4 Inclusive Literacy Instruction: State and National Standards and Beyond
Deborah A. Taub, Jessica Apgar McCord, and Michael Burdge - High Expectations for All Students
- The Purpose of Education—Or, What Do You Believe and Why Does It Matter?
- Understanding the Standards
- Implementing Standards: Opportunity to Learn
- Typical Literacy Instruction With Universal Design for Learning
- But What About the Individualized Education Program?
- Chapter 5 Creating Accessible, Rich, and Engaging Literacy Environments
Jessica Apgar McCord, Ann-Marie Orlando, Elizabeth B. Keefe, and Stephanie Nieto - Two Classrooms
- Overview: Universal Design for Learning
- Accessible Literacy Tools
- Information Processing in Classroom Environments
- Specific Instructional Examples
- Putting It All Together to Create a Universal Design for Learning Classroom
SECTION 2: EVIDENCE-BASED COMPREHENSIVE LITERACY INSTRUCTION - Chapter 6 Getting the Point: Comprehension Instruction
Susan R. Copeland, Sharon L. Head, and Heather DiLuzio - What Is Reading Comprehension?
- Assessing Comprehension Skills
- General Principles of Reading Comprehension Instruction
- Planning Instruction: Strategies to Use Before, During, and After Reading
- Chapter 7 A Broader Approach to Fluency
Pamela Williamson, Christina R. Carnahan, Jeongae Kang, and Turki S. Alzahraney - Learning to Read: Emma
- What Is Reading Fluency and Why Is It Important?
- Toward a Theory of Reading Fluency for Students with Moderate and Severe Disabilities
- Assessment of Reading Fluency
- Fluency Instruction
- Chapter 8 Words, Glorious Words!
Elizabeth B. Keefe, Phyllis M. Robertson, and Karen M. Potter - The Importance of Vocabulary Instruction
- What Is Vocabulary?
- Research on Vocabulary Instruction for Students with Complex Support Needs
- Considerations for Assessment: What Does It Mean to “Know” a Word?
- Instructional Practices: Setting Goals and Choosing Words
- Instructional Practices: Teaching Vocabulary
- Chapter 9 What's the Word? Word Recognition Instruction
Susan R. Copeland, Sharon L. Head, and Heather DiLuzio- Word Recognition: A Means to an End
- What Happens When We Recognize a Word in Print?
- Early Reading Skills and Word Recognition: Teaching Emergent Literacy Learners
- Phonological and Phonemic Awareness and the Alphabetic Principle
- Effective Phonics Instruction
- Beyond Decoding: Learning to Recognize Sight Words
- Effective Sight-Word Instruction
- Chapter 10 Conveying Your Message: Writing Instruction
Kristie Asaro-Saddler- An Emerging Writer: Danielle
- Why Teach Students to Write?
- What Is Writing?
- Learning to Write
- Challenges for Writers With Complex Support Needs
- Review of Current Research on Teaching Writing to Students With Complex Support Needs
- Effective Instruction for Writers With Complex Support Needs
- Assessing the Writing of Writers With Complex Support Needs
- Chapter 11 Organizing Effective Literacy Instruction: A Framework for Planning
Megan H. Foster, Jessica Apgar McCord, and Elizabeth B. Keefe- Ready to Learn: Max
- Maximizing Opportunities to Learn
- A Rationale for Universally Designed Differentiated Instruction
- Planning for Instruction: Setting Expectations
- Routines That Support Universally Designed Differentiated Instruction
- Planning for Instruction: Key Considerations
- Using Authentic Text to Plan Literacy Units
SECTION 3: CREATING OPPORTUNITY AND ACCESS TO LITERACY IN SCHOOL AND BEYOND - Chapter 12 Adapting Books and Other Literacy Genres
Laurel Lane and Andrea L. Ruppar- A Rationale for Adapting Texts
- Research-Based Methods for Adapting Texts
- Overview: Accessing Age-Appropriate, Content-Specific Texts and Literacy Materials
- Create Access Using Wordless Picture Books
- Adapting Complex Literacy Materials: Simplify and Clarify
- Suggestions for Low-Tech Adaptations Across Varied Support Needs
- Mid-Tech and High-Tech Text Adaptations
- Chapter 13 Beyond the Common Core: Art, Music, And Creativity in Literacy Learning
Laurel Lane- Rationale for Arts-Based Activities in Literacy Learning
- Review of the Research Literature
- Arts-Based Activities as Multisensory Formats
- The Performing Arts: Music and Drama in Literacy Learning
- Culturally Grounded Arts-Based Activities and Community Relationships in Literacy Learning
- Chapter 14 Literacy Beyond High School
Megan M. Griffin, Laurel Lane, Tammy Day, and Elise McMillan- Leading a Literate Life: Maria
- The Joy of a Literate Life: Promoting Lifelong Literacy
- Promoting Literacy in Postsecondary Education
- Promoting Literacy in Community Settings
- Promoting Literacy in Employment Settings
- Chapter 15 Where Do We Go From Here?
Elizabeth B. Keefe, Susan R. Copeland, Ruth Luckasson, and Diane Ryndak- Summary of Major Themes
- How Our Book Can Be Used
- Welcoming Everyone to the Literate Community
Supplementary Materials - Myths and Facts
- Case Studies
Index
About the Author :
Susan R. Copeland, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Special Education at the University of New Mexico. She teaches courses in both the undergraduate dual license program and the graduate program in special education. Prior to receiving her doctorate from Vanderbilt she worked with individuals with disabilities in several capacities, including as a classroom special education teacher and as a coordinator for a community program serving children and adults. Dr. Copeland's research and teaching focus developing instructional and social supports for students with disabilities within inclusive environments and advocacy and empowerment of individuals with severe disabilities. Dr. Keefe received her bachelor's degree in sociology from the University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne in the United Kingdom, her master's degree in anthropology at the University of Nebraska, and her master of arts and doctoral degrees in special education from the University of New Mexico. She has taught in inclusive settings at the elementary level and now is actively involved in various educational reform issues throughout New Mexico. Her research interests include inclusive practices, co-teaching, and systematic change at the school level. Dr. Keefe enjoys tennis, playing banjo with ther band, going to Jamaica, and reading.
Ruth Luckasson, J.D., is Regent's Professor and Professor of Special Education and Coordinator of Mental Retardation and Severe Disabilities in the College of Education at the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Professor Luckasson is Vice President of the American Association on Mental Retardation (AAMR). She served on former President Clinton's Committee on Mental Retardation, serves on the Litigation and Human Rights Committee of The Arc of the United States, and is the chair of the American Association on Mental Retardation's Committee on Terminology and Classification. Professor Luckasson formerly served as Chair of the American Bar Association Commission on Mental and Physical Disability Law. She has published widely in the areas of legal rights of people with disabilities, people with mental retardation as defendants and victims in the criminal justice system, the definition of mental retardation, and children in special education.
Christina R. Carnahan, Ed.D., is Associate Professor of Special Education and Director of Advancement and Transition Services at the University of Cincinnati. Her research interests include literacy instruction for individuals with autism and other significant support needs across the lifespan. Dr. Carnahan has published in journals such as Expectational Children, Focus on Autism and Developmental Disabilities, and Journal of Special Education.
Diane Ryndak, Ph.D., received her Ph.D. from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. She is the author or coauthor of numerous articles, chapters, and books and coeditor of two compendia of TASH articles most frequently used by institutions of higher education. Several of her articles have been republished in the compendia and in international journals, and one of her books has been republished in Japan. Dr. Ryndak served as a Fulbright Research Scholar in Poland, where she returns frequently to work with colleagues at The Maria Grzegorzewska Academy for Special Education in Warsaw and across Poland. She has represented the U.S. Department of State with efforts related to the inclusion of citizens with disabilities in all aspects of life in the Ukraine; conducted over 30 international presentations; andguest lectured in Turkey, Peru, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Her body of work focuses on inclusive education and access to the general curriculum for students with extensive support needs, student outcomes achieved by inclusive services, preservice teacher preparation, and technical assistance for sustainable school reform efforts related to inclusive education. Dr. Ryndak has served multiple terms as a member of and Secretary for the TASH National Board of Directors and as the chair of the TASH Publications Committee, National Agenda Committee on Inclusive Education, Conference Committee, International Issues Committee, and Personnel Preparation Committee. She has served as Associate Editor for Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities (RPSD) and as a member of the editorial or review board for seven peer-reviewed professional journals, including RPSD, American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, Journal of Ethnographic and Qualitative Research, and Teacher Education and Special Education.
Andrea Ruppar, Ph.D., Associate Professor, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 1000 Bascom Mall, Madison, WI 53706
Andrea Ruppar is Associate Professor of Special Education in the Department of Rehabilitation Psychology and Special Education at University of Wisconsin–Madison. She earned her Ph.D. in Special Education from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign in 2011. Dr. Ruppar’s research focuses on decision making among special education teachers and other professionals, especially related to students with extensive support needs.
