Anatomy and Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing

Anatomy & Physiology for Speech, Language, and Hearing, Sixth Edition provides a solid foundation in anatomical and physiological principles relevant to communication sciences and disorders. This bestselling textbook beloved by instructors and students integrates clinical information with everyday experiences to reveal how anatomy and physiology relate to the speech, language, and hearing systems. Combining comprehensive coverage with abundant, beautiful full-color illustrations and a strong practical focus, the text makes complex material approachable even for students with little or no background in anatomy and physiology. Unlike other texts, this book features numerous anatomical illustrations but also photos of real specimens. Thoroughly updated to reflect current trends, techniques, and best practices, this new edition of is supported by innovative ANAQUEST study software offers students further interactive learning via lessons and interactive quizzes, and other resources to help students of all learning styles master the material and prepare for professional licensing exams. The text includes numerous full-color anatomical images to help students form a clear, accurate understanding of the classical framework of the speech, language, and hearing systems. Photographs provide a real-life look at the body parts and functions you are studying. Use these images as reference for accuracy in describing body systems, parts, and processes. Allow yourself to be amazed by the intricacies of human anatomy! ANAQUEST provides on-the-go learning, with animation lessons, simulations, interactive quizzes, and updates to content. New to the Sixth Edition Updated and expanded information on the physiology of swallowing that includes discussion of orofacial-myofunctional disorders and other swallowing dysfunction arising from physical etiologies. More physiology content, including an introduction to the effects of pathology on communication within each of the physical systems of communication. Many new photographs of specimens have been added, with a focus on a clear and accurate understanding of the classical framework of the speech, language, and hearing systems. Clinical Notes boxes link anatomy and physiology with disorders seen by speech-language pathologists and audiologists to provide real-world clinical applications for students. The ANAQUEST study software (formerly called Anatesse) is now accessible on a PluralPlus companion website. The software now includes ten video lab experiences narrated by new contributor, Katrina Rhett, an anatomist and lecturer in the Department of Biological Sciences at Idaho State University. The authors have also added three-dimensional views with animations that explore the important processes of hearing, phonation, respiration, swallowing, and more.

Table of Contents:
Preface About the Authors About the Contributor Acknowledgements Introduction to Learner Using this Text Chapter 1. Basic Elements of Anatomy Anatomy and Physiology Terminology of Anatomy Terminology of Anatomy Terms of Movement Parts of the Body Building Blocks of Anatomy: Tissues and Systems Tissues Body Systems Chapter Summary Chapter 1 Study Questions Chapter 1 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 2. Anatomy of Respiration The Support Structure of Respiration Overview Vertebral Column Pelvic and Pectoral Girdles Ribs and Rib Cage Soft Tissue of the Thorax and Respiratory Passageway Movement of Air Through the System Muscles of Inspiration Muscles of Forced Expiration Chapter Summary Chapter 2 Study Questions Chapter 2 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 3. Physiology of Respiration The Measurement of Respiration Instruments in Respiration Respiration for Life Effects of Turbulence on Respiration Respiratory Cycle Developmental Processes in Respiration Volumes and Capacities Volumes Capacities Pressures of the Respiratory System Pressures Generated by the Tissue Effects of Posture on Speech Pressures and Volumes of Speech Respiratory Pathologies Affecting Communication Chronic Conditions Chapter Summary Chapter 3 Study Questions Chapter 3 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 4. Anatomy of Phonation A Tour of the Phonatory Mechanism Framework of the Larynx Cavities of the Larynx Structure of the Larynx Laryngeal Musculature Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Laryngeal Elevators and Depressors Chapter Summary Chapter 4 Study Questions Chapter 4 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 5. Physiology of Phonation Non-Speech Laryngeal Function Laryngeal Function For Speech A Brief Discussion of Acoustics Instruments for Voicing The Bernoulli Effect Vocal Attack Termination Sustained Phonation Vocal Register Frequency, Pitch, and Pitch Change Pitch-Changing Mechanism Intensity and Intensity Change Clinical Considerations Linguistic Aspects of Pitch and Intensity Theories of Phonation Pathologies That May Affect Phonation Structural Etiologies Degenerative Neurological Diseases Chapter Summary Decibel Practice Activity Chapter 5 Study Questions Chapter 5 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 6. Anatomy of Articulation and Resonation Source-Filter Theory of Vowel Production The Articulators Bones of the Face and Cranial Skeleton Bones of the Face Bones of the Cranial Skeleton Dentition Dental Development Dental Occlusion Cavities of the Vocal Tract Muscles of the Face and Mouth Muscles of the Face Muscles of the Mouth Muscles of Mastication: Mandibular Elevators and Depressors Muscles of the Velum Muscles of the Pharynx Chapter Summary Chapter 6 Study Questions Chapter 6 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 7. Physiology of Articulation and Resonation Instrumentation in Articulation Speech Function Lips Mandible Tongue Velum Development of Articulatory Ability Development of the Vocal Tract Coordinated Articulation Central Control Theory Dynamic or Action Theory Models The DIVA Model of Speech Production Pathologies That May Affect Articulation Problems Affecting Dentition Problems Affecting the Tongue Mandibular and Maxillary Problems Problems Affecting Lips and Palate Neurogenic Conditions Affecting Speech Chapter Summary Chapter 7 Study Questions Chapter 7 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 8. Physiology of Mastication and Deglutition Mastication and Deglutition Instrumentation in Swallowing Function Anatomical and Physiological Developmental Issues Organizational Patterns of Mastication and Deglutition Oral Stage: Oral Preparation Oral Stage: Transport Pharyngeal Stage Esophageal Stage Process Model of Mastication and Deglutition Neurophysiological Underpinnings of Mastication and Deglutition Sensation Associated with Mastication and Deglutition Salivation Response Reflexive Circuits of Mastication and Deglutition Chewing Reflex Orienting, Rooting, and Suckling/Sucking Reflexes Uvular (Palatal) Reflex Gag (Pharyngeal) Reflex Retch and Vomit Reflex Cough Reflex Pain Withdrawal Reflex Apneic Reflex Respiration Reflexes Swallowing Reflex Reexamination of the Patterns for Mastication and Deglutition: A Complex Integration of Reflexes and Voluntary Action Pathologies Affecting Swallowing Function Chapter Summary Chapter 8 Study Questions Chapter 8 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 9. Anatomy of Hearing The Structures of Hearing Outer Ear Middle Ear Structure of the Tympanic Membrane Landmarks of the Middle Ear Inner Ear Osseous Vestibule Osseous Semicircular Canals Osseous Cochlear Labyrinth Innervation Pattern of the Organ of Corti Chapter Summary Chapter 9 Study Questions Chapter 9 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 10. Auditory Physiology Instrumentation in Hearing Research Outer Ear Middle Ear Function Inner Ear Function Vestibular Mechanism Auditory Mechanism: Mechanical Events Electrical Events Resting Potentials Potentials Arising from Stimulation Neural Responses Post-Stimulus Time Histograms Interspike Interval and Period Histograms Frequency Selectivity Auditory Pathway Responses Pathologies That May Affect Audition Inflammatory Conditions Congenital Problems Traumatic Lesions Neoplastic Changes Semicircular Canal Dehiscence Chapter Summary Media Connection Chapter 10 Study Questions Chapter 10 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 11. Neuroanatomy Overview Divisions of the Nervous System Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System Autonomic and Somatic Nervous Systems Development Divisions Anatomy of the CNS and PNS Neurons Anatomy of the Cerebrum Medial Surface of Cerebral Cortex Inferior Surface of Cerebral Cortex Myelinated Fibers Anatomy of the Subcortex Cerebrovascular System Cerebellum Anatomy of the Brainstem Superficial Brainstem Landmarks Deep Structure of the Brainstem Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerve Classification Specific Cranial Nerves Anatomy of the Spinal Cord Chapter Summary Chapter 11 Study Questions Chapter 11 Study Question Answers Bibliography Chapter 12. Neurophysiology Instrumentation in Neurophysiology The Neuron Neuron Function Muscle Function Higher Functioning Motor System Lesions Afferent Inputs Association Regions Hemispheric Specialization Lesion Studies Motor Control for Speech Neurogenic Conditions That May Affect Communication Acquired Conditions Degenerative Diseases Chapter Summary Chapter 12 Study Questions Chapter 12 Study Question Answers Bibliography Appendix A. Anatomical Terms Appendix B. Useful Combining Forms Appendix C. Muscles of Respiration Thoracic Muscles of Inspiration Abdominal Muscles of Expiration Muscles of Upper Limb Appendix D. Muscles of Phonation Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles Extrinsic Laryngeal, Infrahyoid, and Suprahyoid Muscles Appendix E. Muscles of Face, Soft Palate, and Pharynx Muscles of the Face Muscles of the Pharynx Appendix F. Sensors General Classes Specific Types Classes of Sensation Appendix G. Cranial Nerves Classes of Cranial Nerves Cranial Nerves, Sources, and Functions Glossary Index

About the Author :
J. Anthony (Tony) Seikel, PhD, is emeritus faculty at Idaho State University, where he taught graduate and undergraduate coursework in neuroanatomy and neuropathology over the course of his career in Communication Sciences and Disorders. He is co-author of numerous chapters, books and research publications in the fields of speech-language pathology and audiology. His current research is examining the relationship between orofacial myofunctional disorders and oropharyngeal dysphagia. Dr. Seikel is also co-author of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology for Speech and Hearing Sciences also published by Plural Publishing in 2018. David G. Drumright, BS, grew up in Oklahoma and Kansas, taught electronics at DeVry for several years, then spent 20 years as a technician in acoustics and speech research. He developed many programs and devices for analysis and instruction in acoustics and speech/hearing. He has been semi-retired since 2002, working on graphics and programming for courseware. He is also co-author of Neuroanatomy and Neurophysiology for Speech and Hearing Sciences also published by Plural Publishing in 2018. Daniel J. Hudock, PhD, CCC-SLP, is an Associate Professor of Communication Sciences and Disorders in the College of Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences at Idaho State University. He is currently serving as the Speech Language Pathology Graduate Program Co-Director and Founding PhD in Rehabilitation and Communication Sciences Program Co-Coordinator. He has published over 30 articles and given over 100 presentations with several recent ones being invited half-day and full-day podium talks. In his TEDx Talk (https://bit.ly/2oAYeKC) entitled, "Please Don't Finish My Sentence", he presents about his experience living with a stutter. Dr. Hudock has successfully completed several grants and is an avid volunteer within the profession and associations focused on fluency disorders, including serving in leadership positions, including the coordinating committee of ASHA's SIG 4 on Fluency Disorders. His two primary tracts of research focus on 1) better understanding, assessing, and treating fluency disorders through holistic interprofessional partnerships with mental health professionals and 2) the neuroscience of speech perception and production in people who stutter using high-density EEG and time-frequency analysis. He is the founding director of the Northwest Center for Fluency Disorders that offers an intensive interprofessional stuttering clinic with speech-language pathologists collaborating with counselors and clinical psychologists through an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) informed framework in the treatment of adolescent and adult stuttering. Lastly, he has taught courses on Anatomy and Physiology of the Speech and Hearing Mechanisms and Speech and Hearing Science for over a decade, starting as a graduate teaching assistant at East Carolina University in Greenville, North Carolina.