IP Design for Mobile Networks: (Networking Technology)

As the cellular world and the Internet converge, mobile networks are transitioning from circuit to packet and the Internet Protocol (IP) is now recognized as the fundamental building block for all next-generation communication networks. The all-IP vision provides the flexibility to deliver cost-effective services and applications that meet the evolving needs of mobile users. RF engineers, mobile network designers, and system architects will be expected to have an understanding of IP fundamentals and how their role in delivering the end-to-end system is crucial for delivering the all-IP vision that makes the Internet accessible anytime, anywhere.   IP Design for Mobile Networks discusses proper IP design theory to effectively plan and implement your next-generation mobile network so that IP integrates all aspects of the network. The book outlines, from both a standards and a design theory perspective, both the current and target state of mobile networks, and the technology enablers that will assist the migration. This IP transition begins with function-specific migrations of specific network domains and ends with an end-to-end IP network for radio, transport, and service delivery. The book introduces many concepts to give you exposure to the key technology trends and decision points affecting today’s mobile operators.   The book is divided into three parts: Part I provides an overview of how IP is being integrated into mobile systems, including radio systems and cellular networks. Part II provides an overview of IP, the technologies used for transport and connectivity of today’s cellular networks, and how the mobile core is evolving to encompass IP technologies. Part III provides an overview of the end-to-end services network based on IP, including context awareness and services. Presents an overview of what mobile networks look like today–including protocols used, transport technologies, and how IP is being used for specific functions in mobile networks Provides an all-inclusive reference manual for IP design theory as related to the broader application of IP for mobile networks Imparts a view of upcoming trends in mobility standards to better prepare a network evolution plan for IP-based mobile networks  This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press®, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.     ciscopress.com  

Table of Contents:
Introduction xvi Part I Cellular Networks and Standards Chapter 1 Introduction to Radio Systems 1 Spectrum 2 Propagation 5 Outdoor Coverage 6 Frequency-Dependent Propagation Loss 7 Fast Fading 8 Shadowing and Building Penetration Loss 11 Modulation 12 Multiple Access Technologies 18 Time Division Multiple Access 19 Frequency Division Multiple Access 21 Code Division Multiple Access 23 Space Division Multiple Access 27 Combating Radio Impairments 28 Forward Error-Correcting Codes 28 Mitigating Multipath Effects 29 Complexity of Multipath Mitigation 31 Smart Scheduling 31 Automatic Repeat Request 34 Diversity Combining 35 Spatial Multiplexing 35 Summary 37 Endnotes 38 Chapter 2 Cellular Access Systems 41 The GSM Access System 42 Protocol Architecture of GSM Access System 43 GPRS Access Architecture 48 Enhanced Data Rates 53 The UMTS Terrestrial Access Network 55 UTRAN Protocol Architecture of UTRAN 55 UTRAN Transport Network 62 UTRAN Packet-Switched Services 64 Multicast and Broadcast Support 66 High-Speed Packet Access 67 Home Node B 78 The cdma2000 Access System 79 Protocol Architecture of cdma2000 Access System 80 Evolution Data Only 87 Summary 90 Endnotes 90 Chapter 3 All-IP Access Systems 93 Wireless Local Area Networks Access System 94 Interworking WLAN 95 Generic Access Network 97 WiMAX Access System 99 Protocol Architecture of WiMAX Access System 101 WiMAX Physical Layer 102 WiMAX Adaptive Antenna System 105 WiMAX RLC/MAC Layer 106 WiMAX Evolution 107 Long Term Evolution Access System 108 EUTRAN Architecture 108 EUTRAN Security 110 EUTRAN Physical Layer 110 EUTRAN PDCP/RLC/MAC 112 EUTRAN Sharing 113 LTE Advanced 114 ITU-Advanced 114 Summary 115 Endnotes 115 Part II IP and Today’s Cellular Network Chapter 4 An IP Refresher 117 Routing Protocols 117 IP Addressing 118 Routing State 131 x IP Design for Mobile Networks Connection-Oriented Switching Methods 152 Connectionless Switching Methods 157 Ethernet-Switching Methods 176 IP Transport Protocols 182 Transport of Applications 182 Transport of IP via Tunneling Protocols 187 Transport of Layer 2 Frames via IP Tunneling Protocols 193 Summary 195 Endnotes 195 Chapter 5 Connectivity and Transport 197 Transmission Systems 197 Synchronous Wire-Line 197 Asynchronous Wire-Line 198 Synchronous Wireless 199 Asynchronous Wireless 200 Core Network Requirements 201 Core Network Communication Planes 203 Data Center Access 218 Radio Access Network Requirements 223 Converged TDM Aggregation 223 Divergent Aggregation 225 Converged PSN Aggregation 227 Summary of Core Network and RAN Transport Requirements 229 Mobility Network Transport Architecture 229 3GPP Mobility Protocols 229 Universal Mobile Transport Service–3G 235 3GPP2 Mobility Protocols 241 Code-Division Multiplexing Access (CDMA) 241 IP Transport of CDMA 3G Interfaces 246 3GPP2 Mobility Protocols Summary 251 Long-Term Evolution/System Architecture Evolution: 4G 251 LTE/SAE Architecture 251 Worldwide Interoperability for Mobile Access (WiMAX) 259 Evolution of Transport Infrastructures 268 Endnotes 268 Chapter 6 Mobile Core Evolution 271 Circuit-Switched Domain 271 GSM Mobility Management 273 GSM Mobile Terminated Call 276 GSM Handover 279 Short Message Service 281 cdma2000 Core Network 283 WCDMA Core Network 283 Evolved IP-Based CS Core Network 285 Packet-Switched Domain 288 Core Network Mobility Support 289 PS Core Network Architectures 304 Summary 328 Endnotes 329 Chapter 7 Offloading Traditional Networks with IP 333 Backhaul Offload with Pseudowires 334 Pseudowire Use-Cases 335 Pseudowire Emulation Edge-to-Edge (PWE3) 340 Pseudowires for Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) 341 Time Division Multiplexing over IP (TDMoIP) 344 Circuit Emulation Services over Packet-Switched Networks (CESoPSN) 347 ATM Pseudowires 348 SONET/SDH Circuit Emulation over Packet 352 Abis/Iub Optimization for GSM Networks 353 Timing 354 Radio Access Network and Synchronization 354 Introduction to Timing 356 Timing Architectures 362 Timing Modes 369 Packet-Based Timing 372 Clock Recovery over Packet 373 Timing over Packet Solutions 374 Summary 385 Endnotes 385 Part III The End-to-End Services Network Chapter 8 End-to-End Context Awareness 387 Policy 387 Proactive and Reactive Policy Control 390 Global Policies 392 Subscriber-Specific Policies 392 Policy Examples 396 A Network of Networks 396 Network Independence Today 397 Network Interdependence Tomorrow 403 Policy in Wireless Standards 404 3GPP Policy Framework 404 3GPP2 Policy Framework 408 WiMAX Policy Framework 412 Maintaining State in a Mobile Network 415 Network Policy Protocols 416 RAN Authorization and Encryption 416 IP Authentication and Authorization 425 Location Awareness 437 Device-Based Mechanisms 437 Network-Based Mechanisms 438 Hybrid Mechanisms for User Location 439 Summary 440 Endnotes 441 Chapter 9 Content and Services 443 Service Delivery Platforms 443 SDP Core Components 444 SDP Overlay Services 449 Intelligent Networks (IN) 452 History of Intelligent Networks 452 IN Architecture 453 Mobile IN 457 Local/Mobile Number Portability 458 Softswitches 459 Voice Over IP 460 Voice Signaling 461 VoIP Bearer Overview 485 IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) 486 IMS Framework 488 IMS Identity/Subscriber Model 489 IMS Building Blocks to New Services 490 Video Delivery over Mobile Networks 490 Unicast Video Delivery 491 Multicast Video Delivery 492 Overlay Broadcast Video Delivery 493 Service Security 496 Summary 497 Index 499