Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation: (AATDF Monograph Series)

Surfactant-enhanced or cosolvent-enhanced ground water remediation remains one of the most promising extensions to pump-and-treat technology for contaminant source removal. This technology has proven effective in field demonstrations for the enhanced removal of both LNAPLS and DNAPLS. The cost of the surfactant and above ground fluid treatment presents the most serious impediment to full-scale application of this technology. Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation provides the results of a field demonstration of an economical in situ treatment for NAPL remediation. The field demonstration focused on the recovery of surfactants ready for reuse and included the following objectives: Evaluate the technologies that recover surfactants for reuse in aquifer remediation Demonstrate the most promising treatment at a field site Perform economic analyses for the pilot-scale and full-scale in situ surfactant-aided soil flushing technologies Estimate potential performance and applicability of the in situ surfactant-aided technologies Recovery and reuse of surfactants used in site remediation can substantially improve the overall economics. Prior to this project, it had not been demonstrated that a surfactant recovery process could be reliably designed and operated at field conditions. Nor had the question of the most cost effective surfactant recovery scheme been addressed. Reuse of Surfactants and Cosolvents for NAPL Remediation highlights innovative and cost effective technologies for ground water remediaiton.

Table of Contents:
Introduction Background of Surfactant Recovery Process Project Objectives and Goals Scope and Technical Approach Monograph Organization Preliminary Evaluation of Processes Summary of Preliminary Review Surfactant Contaminant Removal Process Surfactant Concentration Process Laboratory Studies General Considerations for Laboratory Tests Bench-Scale Process Evaluation Preliminary Economic Evaluation Laboratory Tests for Design Parameters Results and Conclusions Demonstration Design Field Site Selection Site Characteristics Field Demonstration Design Field Demonstration Pilot System Field Implementation Scenarios for the Pilot Surfactant Recovery Test Pilot System Operation and Maintenance Sampling and Chemical Analyses Site Restoration and Waste Management Performance Data Evaluation Discussion of Field Demonstration Results Field Demonstration Conclusions Recommendations Hypothetical Full Scale System Design and Economic Analysis Approach to Full Scale Design Measurement Procedures Full Scale Design Cost and Economic Analysis Performance and Potential Application Summary of Potential Performance Site Characteristics Affecting Applicability, Performance, and Cost Design and Operating Parameters Affecting Performance, Applicability and Cost Material Handling Requirements Regulatory Requirements for Performance and Compliance Criteria References Appendices Appendix A: Preliminary Technology Evaluation and Process Description Appendix B: Experimental Design Appendix C: SASM: Surfactant Air Stripping Model Appendix D: Detailed Laboratory Test Results Appendix E: SASM Results for Pilot-System Design and Scale-Up Appendix F: Detailed Field Activity and Test Result Summary Appendix G: Pilot Unit Operation Procedures Appendix H: Engineering Design for Surfactant-Foam With Recovery and Reuse Appendix I: Base Case Drawings Appendix J: Design Spreadsheets and Mass Balance Appendix K: STRIPR Output for Full Scale Process Design Appendix L: Cost Estimates Appendix M: Equipment Specifications for Full Scale Process References Index