Embedded Software for the IoT

With a mixture of theory, examples, and well-integrated figures, Embedded Software for the IoT helps the reader understand the details in the technologies behind the devices used in the Internet of Things. It provides an overview of IoT, parameters of designing an embedded system, and good practice concerning code, version control and defect-tracking needed to build and maintain a connected embedded system. After presenting a discussion on the history of the internet and the word wide web the book introduces modern CPUs and operating systems. The author then delves into an in-depth view of core IoT domains including: Wired and wireless networking Digital filters Security in embedded and networked systems Statistical Process Control for Industry 4.0 This book will benefit software developers moving into the embedded realm as well as developers already working with embedded systems.

Table of Contents:
Introduction 1.1 The Tale of the Internet 1.2 The Cloud 1.3 Internet of Things 1.4 IoT related terms I The Basic System 2 How to select an OS? 2.1 No OS and strictly polling 2.2 Co-routines 2.3 Interrupts 2.4 A small real-time kernel 2.5 A non-preemptive Operating System 2.6 Full OS 2.7 Open Source, GNU licensing and Linux 2.8 OS constructs 2.9 Further Reading 3 Which CPU to use? 3.1 Overview 3.2 CPU Core 3.3 CPU Architecture 3.4 Word-Size 3.5 MMU – Memory Managed Unit 3.6 RAM 3.7 Cache 3.8 EEPROM and Flash 3.9 FPU – Floating Point Unit 3.10 DSP 3.11 Crypto-Engine 3.12 Upgrade Path 3.13 Second Sources 3.14 Price 3.15 Export Control 3.16 RoHS-Compliance 3.17 Evaluation Boards 3.18 Tool-chain 3.19 Benchmarking 3.20 Power-Consumption 3.21 JTAG Debugger 3.22 Peripherals 3.23 Make or Buy 3.24 Further Reading 4 Software Architecture 4.1 Design for Performance 4.2 The fear of the white paper 4.3 Layers 4.4 Not just API’s – more files 4.5 Object Model (Containment Hierarchy) 4.6 Case: CANOpen 4.7 Message Passing 4.8 Middleware 4.9 Case: Architectural Reuse in LAN-XI 4.10 Understanding C 4.11 Further Reading 5 Debug Tools 5.1 Simulator 5.2 ICE – In-Circuit-Emulator 5.3 Background or JTAG debugger 5.4 Target Stand-In 5.5 Debugger 5.6 strace 5.7 Debugging without special tools 5.8 Monitoring Messages 5.9 Test Traffic 6 Code Maintenance 6.1 Poor Man’s Backup 6.2 Version Control – and git 6.3 Build and Virtualization 6.4 Static Code Analysis 6.5 Inspections 6.6 Tracking Defects & Features 6.7 Whiteboard 6.8 Documentation 6.9 Yocto 6.10 OpenWRT 6.11 Further Reading III IoT Technologies 7 Networks 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Cerf & Kahn – internet as net of nets 7.3 Life of a packet 7.4 Life before the packet 7.5 Getting an IP address 7.6 DHCP 7.7 Network Masks, CIDR and Special Ranges 7.8 Reserved IP-Ranges 7.9 DNS 7.10 Introducing HTTP 7.11 REST 7.12 TCP sockets on IPv4 under Windows 7.13 IP Fragmentation 7.14 Introducing IPv6 addresses 7.15 TCP sockets on IPv6 under Linux 7.16 Data Transmission 7.17 UDP Sockets 7.18 A case of UDP on IPv6 7.19 Application Layer Protocols 7.20 Alternatives to the socket API 7.21 Ethernet Cabling 7.22 Physical Layer Problems 7.23 Further Reading 8 Network Tools 8.1 The Switch as a Tool 8.1.1 Mirroring 8.1.2 Statistics 8.1.3 Simulating lost frames 8.1.4 Pause frames 8.2 Tap 8.3 DHCP Server 8.4 IP scanner 8.5 SNMP 8.6 Wireshark 8.7 Network Commands 8.8 Further Reading 9 Wireless Networks 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Wi-Fi Basics 9.3 The Access Point as a Repeater 9.4 How is speed calculated? 9.5 Case: Wi-Fi Data-transmission 9.6 Case: Beacons 9.7 Why so hesitant? 9.8 Aggregated Frames 9.9 Channel Assessment 9.10 Bluetooth Low Energy 9.11 Certification 9.12 Further Reading 10 Security 10.1 Introduction 10.2 The goals of a Hacker 10.3 Network Security Concepts 10.4 Hash-function 10.5 Symmetric Key Encryption 10.6 Case Story: Enigma 10.7 Asymmetric Key Encryption 10.8 Digital Signature 10.9 Certificates 10.10 Message Authentication Code 10.11 Nonce 10.12 Secure Socket Communication 10.13 Case Story: Heartbleed 10.14 Case Story: WiFi Security 10.15 Software Crypto Libraries 10.16 Trusted Platform Module 10.17 Embedded Systems 10.18 Vulnerabilities in Embedded Systems 10.19 Export Control 10.20 Further Reading 11 Digital Filters 11.1 Why Digital? 11.2 Why Filters? 11.3 Basic Signal Analysis 11.3.1 About the Sample Frequency 11.3.2 Time and Frequency Domains and their Duality 11.3.3 Analog and Digital 11.3.4 More Duality 11.3.5 A Well-behaving System 11.4 IIR filter Basics 11.5 Implementing IIR 11.6 FIR Filter basics 11.7 Implementing FIR 11.8 Integers 11.9 Fixed Point Arithmetic 11.10 Q-Notation and Multiplication 11.11 Division 11.12 BCD 11.13 Further Reading 12 Statistical Process Control 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Important terms 12.3 Control Charts 12.4 Finding the Control Limits 12.5 Subgroups 12.6 Case: Insulation Plates 12.7 EWMA Control Charts 12.8 Process Capability Index 12.9 Further Reading Epilogue

About the Author :
Klaus Elk graduated as Master of Science (Electronics) in 1984, with a thesis on "Time-Delay Spectrometry"—a Digital Signal Project. Two years later he graduated with a Bachelor of Economics (Marketing). He has since then worked mainly with telecommunications, medical electronics and sound and vibration in private industry. In parallel with this work, he taught courses at the Danish Technical University including courses in object oriented programming and the internet protocol stack. Recently he earned a "Mini MBA," and in the following year took a "Board-Member Masterclass." Today Elk works at Brüel & Kjær Sound & Vibration as R&D Manager of Instrumentation.