Humane Liberality: A Confucian Proposal(CEACOP East Asian Comparative Ethics, Politics and Philosophy of Law)

Can we endorse valuable rights and freedoms—the cherished forms of equality and liberty we might call liberality—without liberalism? This book outlines such a possibility. Humane liberality upholds and deliberates equality, freedom, and justice through the Mencian virtue of humaneness, based in care and compassion. In positing humaneness to be the first virtue of government, Mencius directs us to formulate policies that are responsive to and promote the wellbeing of the people understood in terms of their actual lived and felt experience—their feelings and their flourishing. Rights and freedoms can and should be affirmed in ways that facilitate that flourishing. This pushes against the usual approaches to valuing rights and liberties of both Confucians and liberals, who tend to reason from abstract first principles rather than through care for people and responsiveness to their actual wants and needs. In setting out this vision, Humane Liberality first critically analyzes the broader problems and possibilities of affirming freedom, equality, and pluralism through Confucianism. It then outlines and promotes an underappreciated concrete humanist account of Mencian morality and politics, which has been overshadowed by more metaphysical orthodox interpretations of Mencius. Concrete humanism insists we adjudicate what is right not through eternal abstractions but instead through situated assessment of human emotions. In this way, humaneness offers a unique and uniquely compelling approach to reasoning about rights and liberties, and humane liberality recasts how we understand and practice Confucian values, liberal principles, and the promise and potential of incorporating the two.

Table of Contents:
Preface Acknowledgments Introduction Part I: Confucianism and Liberality 1 How Confucians Can and Should Be Liberal 2 Confucian Freedom 3 Mencian Equality 4 Mencian Pluralism Part II: Concrete Humanism and Humane Liberality 5 Mencian Humaneness and Concrete Humanism 6 Concrete Humanist Liberality 7 Mencian Humane Liberality References Index About the Author

About the Author :
Robert A. Carleo III teaches in the international graduate program in Chinese Philosophy at East China Normal University. He is editor and translator of The Humanist Ethics of Li Zehou and The Origins of Chinese Thought by Li Zehou, as well as co-editor, with Yong Huang, of Confucian Political Philosophy: Dialogues in the State of the Field.

Review :
Advancing Confucian liberality on the basis of Mencius’ concept of humaneness, Carleo demonstrates how rights and liberties can be grounded seamlessly on Confucian philosophy. Thoroughly researched, well organized, and clearly articulated, this book makes an important move in constructing contemporary Confucianism. Humane Liberality powerfully illustrates the potential of modern Confucian theorizing. Carleo is broadly sympathetic to the means and ends of liberalism but not to its justification. His deep engagement with historical and contemporary Chinese philosophers enables him to articulate a fresh and compelling vision of “liberality” rooted in our caring humanity. In Humane Liberality: A Confucian Proposal, philosopher Robert Carleo advocates for a compatibilist, practicable, and meliorative "humane liberality" by tempering the abstract, foundationalist, and universalistic tendencies of much liberal theorizing with the concrete, empirical, and compassionate values advocated by the Confucian avatars, Mencius, Dai Zhen, and Li Zehou. For Carleo, it is a Confucian and liberal hybridity rather than choosing between them that allows for an empathetic negotiation of the moral and political consensus necessary for an inclusive pluralism. One reason for liberal democracy being under attack is the poverty of its discourse. Robert A. Carleo III’s Humane Liberality: A Confucian Proposal is a critical and constructive engagement with the liberal part of liberal democracy that will enrich the language of liberalism. Carleo shows the contemporary relevance of Confucianism by teasing out the hidden messages in the Confucian classic, the Mencius.