About the Book
This thematic commentary analyses the core provisions and overarching themes of the EU Artificial Intelligence (AI) Act to provide readers with the information needed to understand, situate and implement this new piece of legislation in their practice.
The book offers a rich variety of views on one of the most challenging legal innovations of EU law. It analyses individual provisions exhaustively, where their relevance and complexity require specific analysis to guide their implementation, and thematically, where beneficial for a broader view of some of the strategic axes of the Act. Importantly, the chapters unpack connections both within the various components of the EU AI Act itself, as well as with the other key instruments such as the Digital Services Act (DSA), the Digital Markets Act (DMA) and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).
The Thematic Commentary thus provides in-depth coverage of key aspects of the EU AI Act, including detailed reviews of rules on prohibited practices, high-risk AI systems, governance structures, measures to support innovation such as regulatory sandboxes, or codes of conduct.
Written by a curated selection of authors that include renowned academics, global practitioners, and institutional experts involved in the drafting process, this Commentary is a key authoritative source bringing together many different voices. Whether for legal practitioners seeking insights into the practical implementation of the EU AI Act, scholars, regulators and policymakers who need to understand the theoretical and policy implications of the Act, or students looking for an advanced analysis of the EU AI Act in context, this Thematic Commentary is the guiding reference on AI regulation in the EU.
Table of Contents:
Introduction, Gianclaudio Malgieri (Leiden University, the Netherlands), Gloria González Fuster (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium), Alessandro Mantelero (Polytechnic University Tourin, Italy), and Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna (Future of Privacy Forum)
Part I: Key Issues
1. Why the EU AI Act: The Objectives of the Law, Frederik Zuiderveen Borgesius (Radboud University, the Netherlands) and Gianclaudio Malgieri (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
2. The Scope of the AI Act in the Light of the EU's Digital Strategy (Art 2), Alessandro Mantelero (Politecnico di Torino, Italy)
3. Defining AI Regulation: Main Actors and Key Notions (Definitions) (Art 3), Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna (Future of Privacy Forum)
4. The Risk Framework in the AI Act and the Role of the EC (Article 6,7, Annex I, Annex III, Article 50, Art 9), Laura Caroli (Center for Strategic and International Studies, USA)
5. The Mixed Nature of the AI Act: Product Safety and Fundamental Rights Regulation, Giovanni De Gregorio (Católica Global School of Law, Portugal) and Marco Almada (University of Luxembourg)
Part II: Prohibited Practices
6. The Prohibitions Related to Human Vulnerabilities and Manipulation (Art 5.1.a, 5.1.b), Maria-Lucia Rebrean (Leiden University, the Netherlands), Silvia De Conca (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam)
7. The Prohibitions of Social Scoring (Art 5.1.c), Nathan Genicot (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)
8. Prohibition on Predictive Policing (Art. 5.1.d) and Facial Recognition (Art. 5.1.e), Bart Custers (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
9. Prohibition on Emotion Recognition Systems in Education and in the Workplace (Art 5.1.f), Andreas Hauselmann (Open Universiteit, the Netherlands)
10. The Prohibitions Related to Biometric Surveillance and their Exceptions (5.1.e, 5.1.g., 5.1.h., 5.2), Gavin Robinson (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
Part III: High-Risk AI Systems
11. Classification of High-risk AI Systems and its Update (Art 6, 7, 50, 71, Annex I, Annex III), Giorgio Resta (Roma Tre University, Italy) and Cristina Frattone (Roma Tre University)
12. Obligations of Providers of High-Risk AI Systems (Art 8, Article 9, 16, 20, 21, 22), Phil Lee (Digiphile, UK)
13. Deployers: Identification and Obligations (Art 26), Phil Lee (Digiphile, UK)
14. Conformity Assessment, Quality and Risk Management Systems (Art 8, 9, 17, 42, 43, 46), Alessandro Mantelero (Politecnico di Torino, Italy)
15. The FRIA (Art 27), Alessandro Mantelero (Politecnico di Torino, Italy)
16. Data and Data Governance (Art 10), Margo Bernelin (Centre national de la recherche scientifique, France) and Michaël Van den Poel (EDHEC Business School, France)
17. Accountability and Transparency (Art 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 50), Gabe Maldoff (Goodwin, USA)
18. Human Oversight (Art 14), Melanie Fink (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
19. Accuracy, Robustness, and Cybersecurity (Art 15), Giuseppe Vaciago (Politecnico di Torino, Italy)
20. Identification and Obligations of Importers, Distributors, and Responsibilities Along the AI Value Chain (Art 23, 24, 25), Bart Schermer (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
21. Standards and Common Specification (arts 40, 41), Irene Kamara (Tilburg University, the Netherlands)
22. Certificates, Declaration of Conformity, CE Marking, and Registration (Art 28-39, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49), Max von Grafenstein, Valentin Rupp (University of the Arts in Berlin, Germany)
Part IV: GPAI and General-Purpose AI Models
23 and 24. Transparency and Obligations for General Purpose AI (Art 53, 54, 56), Michael Veale (University College London, UK) and Joao Quintals (University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands)
25. General Purpose AI Models with Systemic Risks. Classification and Specific Obligations (Art 51, 52, 55), Connor Dunlop (Ada Lovelace Institute, UK)
Part V: Measures in Support of Innovation
26. AI Regulatory Sandboxes (Art 57-61), Thiago Guimaraes Moraes (Brazilian Data Protection Authority)
27. SMEs and Derogation (Art 62, 63), Vincenzo Tiani (Future of Privacy Forum, Belgium)
Part VI: Governance
28. EU Level Governance (AI Office, AI Board, Advisory Forum, Scientific Panel) (Art 64 - 69), Claudio Novelli (Yale University, USA)
29. National Level Governance (National Competent Authorities) and Notification Procedures (incl. Arts 30-31 and 28-39) (Art 70), Joanna Mazur (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Part VII: Monitoring and Enforcement
30. Post-market Monitoring (Art 72, 73), Brenda Leong (ZwillGen PLLC, USA)
31. Enforcement (Art 74 - 84, 88 - 94), Luca Tosoni (Schjødt, Norway)
32. The Right to Explanation (Art 86), Margot Kaminski (University of Colorado Law School, USA) and Gianclaudio Malgieri (Leiden University, the Netherlands)
33. Remedies and Penalties (Art 85, 87, 99 - 101), Maria Magierska (Maastricht University, the Netherlands)
Part VIII: Codes of Conducts, Guidelines and AI Literacy
34. Codes of Conduct and EC Guidelines (Art 56, 95-98), Denise Amram (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy), Roberta Romano (Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Italy)
35. AI Literacy (Art 4), Tommaso Fia (University College London)
Part IX: The AI Act Interactions with the Digital Rulebook
36. Consistency and Interplay with the GDPR, Gloria González Fuster (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)
37. Consistency and Interplay with the DSA, Gianclaudio Malgieri (Leiden University)
38. The AI Act and liability issues, Gianmarco Gori (Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium)
39. The Interplay between the AIA and the DMA, Muhammed Demircan, Osman Gazi Gucluturk, Heidi Warm and Florentien Maes (DLA Piper)
About the Author :
Gianclaudio Malgieri is Associate Professor of Law and Technology at Leiden University, the Netherlands.
Gloria González Fuster is Research Professor at Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium.
Alessandro Mantelero is Associate Professor of Law, Polytechnic University Tourin, Italy.
Gabriela Zanfir-Fortuna is Vice President for Global Privacy, Future of Privacy Forum, USA.
