The Assassination of William McKinley: Anarchism, Insanity, and the Birth of the Social Sciences

This book is an examination of the assassination of President William McKinley by Leon Czolgosz, an American-born purported anarchist. This work offers a new and different way to approach historical crime stories. Rather than accepting the idea that Czolgosz was inherently dangerous because of his ethnic background or his obscure political statements, Federman argues, rather, that political relations, historical events, and the developing discourses in the natural and social sciences toward normal and pathological behaviors structured the meaning of the assassination. Federman proposes there are six ways to view an assassin, each corresponding to a social science. Consequently, each chapter of this manuscript examines a social science and its relation to the assassination. Overall, there are three purposes to this work: One is to examine the rise of the social sciences at the time of the assassination. The second is to explore the historical and political understanding of political violence; and the third is to examine the meaning of legal responsibility.

Table of Contents:
Chapter 1: Looking Backward: The History of an Unknown Assassin Chapter 2: Sociology: The Problem of Social Forces Chapter 3: Criminology: From Individual to Social Responsibility Chapter 4: Criminal Anthropology: The Criminal as Morphological Sphinx Chapter 5: Psychology: Regarding the Boundaries of Insanity Chapter 6: Anti-Political Science: Violence and Anarchism from Haymarket to the Assassination of William McKinley Conclusion

About the Author :
Cary Federman is associate professor in the Department of Justice Studies at Montclair State University.

Review :
Described in his time as 'an aggravated specimen from the insane borderlands,' the political assassin that sits at the center of this provocative new case study challenged the medical, social, and natural sciences to make sense of his desperate act. In his original analysis of the legal and medical issues surrounding the criminal and his crime, Federman proffers the existence of a ‘borderland’ between medicine and law: a space in which the insane can be both dangerous and responsible. In this remarkable and original study, political scientist Cary Federman, examines the rise of the social sciences through the story of McKinley’s assassin, Leon Czolgosz, and vice versa, he shows how the social sciences gave life to Czolgosz. What results is a fascinating rumination on understandings of criminal behavior, moral responsibility, and free will that is still relevant in the present day. Through the unlikeliest of characters—William McKinley’s assassin Leon Czolgosz—Cary Federman chronicles the emergence of modern social sciences at the turn of the twentieth century. As sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, anthropologists, and other social scientists vied to demonstrate that their respective disciplines best explained the reasons for McKinley’s killing, Czolgosz the volitional killer was transformed into Czolgosz the symbol of the zeitgeist. Federman’s interpretation is a provocative challenge to those who maintain that social structure, not individual agency, explains violence and determines responsibility.