Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives

To interact with the environment, an individual must code, store, and translate spatial information into the appropriate motor commands for achieving an outcome. Working from this premise, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement:Neurobehavioral Perspectives discusses how visual perception, attention, and memory are linked to the processes of movement preparation and execution. With contributions from active researchers in movement science, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement presents the latest theories on the utilization of vision in goal-directed movement control. As a resource for motor control and motor learning researchers, students, educators, and clinicians, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement offers the following: • Comprehensive coverage of current behavior-based literature on the visual control of goal-directed movement • A systematic explication of the sensory and physiological processes and systems responsible for fast, accurate, and efficient performance • A solid foundation for further study of the sensory and neural systems responsible for precise goal-directed behavior • A discussion of how current research on vision and goal-directed movement can assist in creating efficient and safe work environments Using research informed by neural imaging and magnetic brain stimulation, this text provides readers with a better understanding of the neural foundations for goal-directed movement, illustrates the flexibility of the human visuomotor system, and discusses how regulation of movements depends on the learning and developmental history of the performer. It begins by reviewing the works of R.S. Woodworth and the influence of his theories on current research. The majority of the chapters in the first section of the book take a behavioral and process-oriented approach to exploring goal-directed movement. The text then explores the sensory and neural foundations for goal-directed action, including issues related to both pursuit and saccadic eye movements as well as discussion of the specialization of various cortical systems for the regulation of movement. Especially relevant to professionals and scientists concerned with skill instruction and rehabilitation, the final part of the text provides a review of recent research on how and why limb control changes occur with practice and development. In addition, Vision and Goal-Directed Movement considers how the research presented can maximize precision, efficiency, and safety in workspace design. Vision and Goal-Directed Movement: Neurobehavioral Perspectives adds a unique offering to the literature base for motor behavior, demonstrating how advances in both behavioral and neurophysiological methods can inform theories related to the biological systems contributing to skilled performance.

Table of Contents:
Part I. A Behavioral Approach to Vision and Goal-Directed Movement   Chapter 1. The Legacy of R.S. Woodworth: The Two Component Model Revisited Digby Elliott, Steve Hansen, and Lawrence E.M. Grierson The Early Two-Component Model Alternative Explanations of Speed–Accuracy Relationships The Optimized Submovement Model Kinematic Evidence for Current Control How Ballistic Is the Initial Adjustment? Two Types of Current Control The Two-Component Model Revisited Future Directions   Chapter 2. The Optimization of Speed, Accuracy and Energy in Goal-Directed Aiming Digby Elliott, Steve Hansen, and Michael A. Khan Practice and Goal-Directed Aiming Individual Aiming Trajectories Within-Performer Spatial Variability Do Early Events Predict Late Events? Lessons From the Serial Reaction Time Literature Optimizing Energy Expenditure and the Cost of an Error Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 3. Visual Selective Attention and Action Timothy N. Welsh and Daniel J. Weeks  Attention Action-Centered Selective Attention Summary and Future Directions   Chapter 4. Vision and Movement Planning J. Greg Anson, Rachel Burgess, and Rebekah L. Scott Two Visual Systems Vision and Movement Planning: Behavioral Perspectives Vision and Movement Planning in Nonhuman Primates Vision, Movement Planning, and Memory Memory-Guided Reaching Memory Mechanisms and Planning Precuing, Memory, and Movement Planning Summary and Future Directions   Chapter 5. Memory-Guided Reaching: What the Visuomotor System Knows and How Long It Knows It Matthew Heath, Kristina A. Neely, Olav Krigolson, and Gordon Binsted The Temporal Durability of Stored Target Information Visual Awareness and the Evocation of Visually Guided and Memory-Guided Reaches Visual Coordinates or a Fully Specified Movement Plan Memory-Guided Reaches and the Relationship Between End-Point Error and Corticomotor Potentials Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 6. The Preparation and Control of Multiple-Target Aiming Movements Michael A. Khan, Werner F. Helsen, and Ian M. Franks The Influence of Response Complexity on Reaction Time Online Programming Hypothesis Movement Integration Planning and Movement Integration Future Directions   Chapter 7. Rapid Regulation of Limb Trajectories: Response to Perturbation Steve Hansen, Lawrence E.M. Grierson, Michael A. Khan, and Digby Elliott Visual Occlusion Physically Changing the Target Visual Illusions Changing the Visual Context Deceiving the Control Processes Online Perturbations Manipulating Certainty of the Visual Environment Future Directions   Chapter 8. Visual Field Asymmetries in the Control of Target-Directed Movements Michael A. Khan and Gordon Binsted Peripheral Vision Versus Central Vision Upper Visual Field Versus Lower Visual Field Conclusions and Future Directions   Part II. Sensory and Neural Systems for Vision and Action   Chapter 9. Prediction in Ocular Pursuit Simon J. Bennett and Graham R. Barnes Gaze-Orienting Eye Movements Prediction in Ocular Pursuit Anticipatory Smooth Pursuit Onset Anticipatory Smooth Pursuit During Transient Occlusion Predictive Smooth Pursuit During Transient Occlusion Coordination Between Smooth Pursuit and Saccades Model of Ocular Pursuit Neural Pathways for Ocular Pursuit Neural Pathways for Ocular Pursuit During Transient Occlusion Pursuit Against a Background: Suppression of the Optokinetic Reflex Oculomanual Pursuit Summary and Future Directions   Chapter 10. Oculomotor Contributions to Reaching: Close Is Good Enough Gordon Binsted, Kyle Brownell, Tyler Rolheiser, and Matthew Heath Common Anatomies, Divergent Functions Eye–Hand Coupling Behavior Frames of Reference Hypothesis Common Command Hypothesis Afferent Information Hypothesis Strategy Hypothesis Conclusions: Close Is Good Enough Future Directions   Chapter 11. Eye–Hand Coordination in Goal-Directed Action: Normal and Pathological Functioning Werner F. Helsen, Peter Feys, Elke Heremans, and Ann Lavrysen Retinal Versus Extraretinal Information Visuomotor Control in Normal Functioning Summary of Visuomotor Control in Normal Functioning Visuomotor Control in Cerebellar Pathology Summary of Visuomotor Control in Cerebellar Pathology Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 12. Lateralization of Goal-Directed Movement Robert L. Sainburg Neural Lateralization Motor Lateralization Biological Correlates of Handedness Neurobehavioral Processes Lateralized in Handedness Conclusions Future Directions   Chapter 13. Visual Illusions and Action David A. Westwood Historical Context: Perception and Action Visual Illusions as a Tool for Studying Perception and Action in the Intact Brain Illusions and Action: Emerging Themes and Issues Future Directions   Chapter 14. Two Visual Streams: Neuropsychological Evidence David P. Carey Two Visual Pathways in the Cerebral Cortex Early Arguments Against the Milner and Goodale Account Double Dissociations in Perception and Action Later Controversies: Diagnosing Optic Ataxia Summary and Future Directions   Part III. Learning, Development, and Application   Chapter 15. Visual Information in the Acquisition of Goal-Directed Action Luc Tremblay Background Utilization of Multisensory Information Attention and Performance Individual Differences in Utilization of Sensory Information Modulating the Utilization of Sensory Information Does Not Require Physical Practice Utilization of Sensory Information as a Function of Practice Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 16. Early Development of the Use of Visual Information for Action and Perception Margot van Wermeskerken, John van der Kamp, and Geert J.P. Savelsbergh Ecological Approach to Perception Two Visual Systems Development of the Use of Visual Information for Action and Perception in Infancy Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 17. Motor Learning Through Observation Dana Maslovat, Spencer Hayes, Robert R. Horn, and Nicola J. Hodges Cognitive Mediated Learning Visuomotor Coupling and Direct Learning Visual Perception Perspective Task Characteristics Conclusions and Future Directions   Chapter 18. Optimizing Performance Through Work Space Design James L. Lyons A Little History Human–Machine System Newer Issues and Future Directions

About the Author :
Digby Elliott, PhD, is a professor of motor control and behavioral neuroscience in the School of Sport and Exercise Sciences at Liverpool John Moores University (Liverpool, United Kingdom). Previously, he was the Canada research chair in motor control and special populations at McMaster University (Hamilton, Ontario), where he was also a professor emeritus. He has served aspresident of the Canadian Society for Psychomotor Learning and Sport Psychology (SCAPPS) and as president of the North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity (NASPSPA). Elliott has over 30 years of research experience in the area of motor control with over 200 peer-reviewed articles in publication. He has held visiting professorships at universities throughout the world, most recently at the University of Otago in New Zealand as a William Evans scholar in 2000 and at Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in Belgium as a senior research fellow in 1999. Elliott was awarded the Wood Award for Research Excellence in 2000 from the Down Syndrome Research Foundation. Elliott and his wife, Elaine, reside in Bancroft, Ontario. In his free time, he enjoys hiking, snorkeling, and playing with his seven grandchildren. Michael Khan, PhD, is a professor of motor control and learning and head of the School of Sport, Health, and Exercise Sciences at BangorUniversity in Wales, United Kingdom. He has more than 15 years of research experience in the area of motor control. Collaborating with researchers in the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America, Khan has focused his research on the investigation of cognitive processes underlying movement control. He has published more than 30 peer-reviewed articles, book chapters, and conference proceedings. Khan has presented his research as an invited lecturer in the United Kingdom, Europe, North America, and the Caribbean. A sport enthusiast, especially in West Indian cricket, Kahn also enjoys playing and coaching squash. He was a former top national squash player for Trinidad and Tobago and is currently very active as a coach at the junior level. He and his wife, Martha, reside at Tregarth in Gwynedd, Wales.