Navigating a Changing World: Canada's International Policies in an Age of Uncertainties

The negotiation of the Canada–U.S. Free Trade agreement in 1985–88 initiated a period of substantially increased North American, and later, global economic integration. However, events since the election of Donald Trump in 2016 have created the potential for major policy shifts arising from NAFTA’s renegotiation and continuing political uncertainties in the United States and with Canada’s other major trading partners. Navigating a Changing World draws together scholars from both countries to examine Canada–U.S. policy relations, the evolution of various processes for regulating market and human movements across national borders, and the specific application of these dynamics to a cross-section of policy fields with significant implications for Canadian public policy. It explores the impact of territorial institutions and extra-territorial forces – institutional, economic, and technological, among others – on interactions across national borders, both within North America and, where relevant, in broader economic relationships affecting the movement of goods, services, people, and capital. Above all, Navigating a Changing World represents the first major study to address Canada’s international policy relations within and beyond North America since the elections of Justin Trudeau in 2015 and Donald Trump in 2016 and the renegotiation of NAFTA.

Table of Contents:
List of Figures and Tables Preface 1.Canada at the Crossroads: Canada’s International Policy Relations in an Era of Political and Economic Uncertainty Geoffrey Hale and Greg Anderson Part One: Overarching Issues 2. The Great Unravelling? The Construction and Deconstruction of North America’s Governance Architecture Greg Anderson and David Jones 3. Days of Future Past: Evaluating Canadian Foreign Trade Policies Christopher Kukucha 4. International Regulatory Cooperation and Multilevel Governance: Motives, Methods, and Outcomes Geoffrey Hale 5. Who Is Us? The Shifting Sands of Foreign Direct Investment Policies Greg Anderson Part Two: Market Movements, Human Flows, and Canada’s Multidimensional Borders 6. Cross-Border Movements and Governance: A Multidimensional Shifting Landscape Geoffrey Hale 7. Reforming High-Skilled Temporary Worker Programs in Canada and the United States: Sticks and Carrots Meredith B. Lilly 8. Managing Cross-Cutting Interdependencies: Canada’s Cross-Border Transportation and Infrastructure Regimes in a North American and International Context Geoffrey Hale 9. Dividing and Uniting Transportation Border Markets: The Role of Cabotage Barry E. prentice and John Coleman 10. National Security and Economic Security: Distributed vs. Hierarchical Management of Domestic and Critical Infrastructure Security in Canada and North America 230 Geoffrey Hale 11. Environmental vs. Territorial Borders: Canada-U.S. Cooperation on Environmental Issues and the Resilience of Transboundary Governance Debora Vannijnatten and Carolyn Johns Part Three: Trans-Border and Cross-Border Regions 12. The Pacific North West Economic Region: An Institutional Analysis of Effective Regional Governance Patricia Dewey Lambert 13. Cross-Border Constraints and Dynamics in the Northeast Stephen Tomblin 14. Attributes of Cross-Border Economic Policymaking in the Great Lakes Economic Region: Insights into Complex Bordering Processes at the Subnational Scale Kathryn Bryk Friedman 15. Canada’s Arctic Boundaries and the United States: Binational vs. Bilateral Policymaking in North America Carolyn C. James Part Four: Sectoral and Subsectoral Issues 16. Whither Canada’s Automotive industry? Policy, Trade, and Regional Competitiveness Brendan A. Sweeney 17. Canadian Energy in North America and Beyond: Between an Economic Rock and a Progressive Hard Place Monica Gattinger 18. Is NAFTA’s Northern Border Thickening for Agri-Food Products? William A. Kerr and Jill E. Hobbs 19. International Trade in Arms Regulations and Quebec’s Aerospace Industry Mathilde Bourgeon and Elisabeth Vallet 20. Capacity for Choice? Managing International Policy Relations in a World of Shifting Borders Geoffrey Hale and Greg Anderson Bibliography Contributors Index